Please describe a three-way handshake and discuss how it is used to create a denial of service (DOS) attack.

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"A three-way handshake is the methodology used by network devices to establish connections with each other. A client will send an SYN connection request to the server. The server will acknowledge the request with an SYN/ACK response. The client then completes the connection using ACK. Unfortunately, this same methodology is used by hackers to initiate a denial of service attack. The difference is that the malicious client completes the connection using SYN. This keeps the port open and allows repeated connection requests which eventually overload the server and shut down the network. Once a DOS attack is recognized, network administrators or monitoring software can close the connections to stop the attack."