"The #1 risk factor for bladder cancer is smoking, which often comes as a surprise to patients when they are being educated. It has several symptoms that are what initially cause a patient to come for a wellness visits. Those symptoms include frequent urination, painful urination, recurrent urinary tract infections, abdominal pain and back pain. Diagnosis is based upon cystoscopy, sending a sample of urine to be analyzed under a microscope to check for cancer cells, and imaging tests such as a CT scan that to better see the urinary tract and the surrounding tissues."

Urologists are expected to understand and identity many disorders of the urinary system. One of the hardest diagnosis to have to tell a patient is bladder cancer. When sharing your knowledge with the interviewer, tell facts, but also feel free to give an example of a patient you had with this disease.

"Bladder cancer begins in the cells that line the inside of the bladder. Although it typically affects older adults, it can occur at any age. Smoking is the #1 risk factor for the development of bladder cancer."