Can you explain what an XSS attack is and how to prevent it?

As a qualified cybersecurity engineer, you should be able to describe the different types of attacks hackers use as well as your strategy to prevent or respond to them. Suppose you are asked about an attack that you're not familiar with. In that case, the best strategy is to admit this and then describe to the interviewer how you would go about learning more about the attack and the appropriate countermeasures. The worst thing you can do is make up an answer or try to bluff your way through the interview. Interviewers will not only recognize this, but if you are eventually hired and unable to perform the job, it will reflect badly on both you and the interviewer.

"An XSS attack uses cross-site scripting to enable hackers to inject malicious client-side scripts into web pages. This allows hackers to hijack sessions, steal cookies, execute code remotely, or crash the system. Some of the countermeasures used to combat XSS attacks include validating or sanitizing user inputs, using specially encoded characters, and using services and tools designed to prevent XSS attacks, such as an XSS HTML filter."