What is the biggest challenge you faced in your Internal Medicine residency training program?

"The biggest challenge of residency training was handling the stress and managing a delicate work-life balance in my first year. In medical school, I was taught that stress management skills were important. But I guess I never knew how true those words were until I faced them in person. I admit that I had some breakdowns during my first year, and some great senior residents and attending physicians gave me encouraging advice. Throughout the remainder of my training, I learned some great tactics to manage busy clinical loads and have a happy home life. Coming into Critical Care fellowship training, I'm confident I have the skills and tactics to manage any workload."

There are many challenges when coming into a program as a new Critical Care fellow, from learning new faces to taking on a whole new subset of patients for the first time. Your interviewers know that you likely faced a few challenges as an Internal Medicine resident and need confirmation that you can face challenges head-on, embrace them, and learn from them throughout your time with their program.

Pick a challenge commonly faced by residents rather than focusing on a potential deficit in your ability to perform as a Critical Care fellow. You can also pick something unique to you that is not the result of your actions (e.g., a family member passing away). Then, explain how you took steps to manage this challenge and prepare for similar challenges in the future.

Tell us about a difficult patient experience during your residency training. How did you handle the situation professionally and respectfully?

"First and foremost, I feel very fortunate that my residency program offered a simulation-based experience for all residents in handling difficult patient situations. In particular role-playing scenarios, my interactions were watched and scored by other residents and faculty, with feedback given swiftly. This was such a great experience that prepared me well. A month ago, a patient in an inpatient hospital unit became very upset with me when I notified him of his discharge the next day. My prior simulation experience taught me to diffuse the situation quickly and listen to the patient, which I did. Once he calmed down, I explained things in a way that the patient understood and gave him care instructions for home."

In your Internal Medicine Residency training, you had the opportunity to work with patients in many settings. This likely has included handling challenging patients. This question allows your interviewers to assess the patience, communication, conflict resolution, and stress management skills you would bring as a new fellow in their program.

Talk about a simple scenario you experienced during your residency training, and don't spend too much time describing the details. Instead, spend your time describing your thoughts and actions. Your answer should demonstrate your ability to remain calm, patient, empathetic, and logical while helping the patient to the best of your abilities.

"- 1/52 history of loose stool, vomiting + diarrhea - GP - rasied ddimer -> SIBGP for CTPA - Hypoxic, febrile, hypotensive, CRP 400, AKI 3 (BG: eGFR >90), dense opacification on CXR- Commence treatment for chest sepsis, unable to give him CTPA - Very angry, threatening to DAMA - Explore his concerns and expectations- Invited him to explain how unwell he thought he was - Tallied up with our investigations - aligned expectations - Found out he had a sick wife at home - main caregiver--> arranged a three-way phone conversation - wife insisted he stay --> found alternative means of care - Still here now - found to have legionnaires"

Talk about the most interesting case you were exposed to during your residency training. What made it so interesting to you?

"The most intriguing case I was exposed to during residency training was during my emergency medicine rotation. A young patient presented with lasting symptoms of insomnia and depression, and a family member brought them in. After many tests in the ER that evening, lab work was done up, and we were all left scratching our heads. Our attending recommended a neurologist get involved, and the patient was diagnosed with CJD the following week. I found this case interesting because a patient's symptoms can often lead you in many directions. Still, actual lab work, detective work, and teamwork ultimately lead to a correct diagnosis."

Your interviewers want candidates who have a passion for medicine. This conversational-based question is intended to get to know the types of cases that you find most interesting.

Before your Critical Care fellowship interview, think of what you consider the most intriguing and thought-provoking case you saw during your residency training. The cases that are most interesting to you should pertain to the specialty you want to pursue. As you answer, take a few minutes to set the stage for the case, name a couple of points that intrigued you, and explain why. If you know the case's outcome, discuss that briefly as well.

Tell us about a time you received constructive criticism from an attending physician or senior resident during your residency training. How did you handle that situation?

"During my elective oncology rotation during my second year of residency, I was told I spent too much time with patients during initial and follow-up consults. As a result, I was causing delays in the clinic. Seeing new cancer patients was a new environment, and my nurturing inhibitions took over in most situations. After some coaching from my attending physician on how to best handle consults, I developed a flow of patient consults in that environment. I didn't take the criticism personally and knew it was for the best in my professional development. You can be confident that if I were to match into your program, I would bring this same welcoming approach to feedback from your faculty to help me be the best I can be."

As you enter Critical Care fellowship training, it should be abundantly clear that your work will be scrutinized to the highest degree by the senior fellows and the faculty of the program you join. Your interviewers want to know that you can take any constructive criticism you receive and turn it into a positive learning opportunity.

As you answer this question, discuss a time that does not highlight a significant or persistent deficit in your ability to provide care. How you handled this criticism should show your devotion to providing optimal care and your willingness to use the critique to shape how you approach patient care moving forward. Don't hesitate to reiterate to your interviewers that you would join their Critical Care fellowship program, ready to accept any constructive criticism that would come your way.

As a Critical Care fellow, how will you explain a complex procedure or diagnosis to the family of a patient?

"I have always tried to speak in a way the patient or family can understand without filler or fluff words. I fully understand that I will be relied upon to talk with the families and loved ones of patients under my care as a Critical Care fellow, and I'm very excited to do this. During my residency training, I took a simplistic approach with patients and their family members. I always made sure they understood what was happening and why the care plan was the approach. I would also stop along the way and allow them to ask questions. I also used language and terms that best suited their understanding."

The program you are interviewing with ideally wants to match a full team of Critical Care fellows that can educate and be compassionate to patients' loved ones. A question like this allows your interviewers to see how you would handle educating a patient's family on a complex diagnosis or procedure using only verbal dialogue.

Healthcare is increasingly complex, so it makes sense that most caregivers and loved ones won't have much knowledge of the care their family member is receiving in the CCU setting. This question provides a chance to showcase your talent to explain a complicated idea without losing integrity and dumbing it down. Explain your step-by-step approach to ensure that the complicated subject is understood by your audience. As you answer, be sure to highlight your ability to approach this situation with a respectful and empathetic approach while keeping a very reassuring tone.

How would you describe your communication skills?

"My interpersonal communication skills focus on education and compassion. I treat every conversation with the utmost respect, no matter the nature of the communication. As a Critical Care fellow, I know that my colleagues and care team within the ICU will also rely on me to be a leader. I am thorough, clear, and respectful. I don't shy away from difficult conversations when communicating as a leader. I also praise and encourage my team members with my communication style."

Before even considering pursuing fellowship training in Critical Care Medicine, you should understand the role communication plays in the success of the entire medical team in an ICU setting. Patient-centered communication is vital for fellows to be successful, and your interviewers want to know that you are a great communicator. They want to hear that you have strong verbal and written communication skills when communicating with patients, faculty, colleagues, and your patient care team.

Before your interview, think about your communication strengths. Come to your interview prepared to discuss what makes you great at communicating with patients, colleagues, and support staff. More importantly, explain why solid communication skills are vital for any Critical Care fellow and Intensivist.

Are you mentally and physically prepared to handle the required shift work in our Critical Care fellowship program?

"Yes, I'm fully committed to the lifestyle required during Critical Care fellowship training and my future career as an Intensivist. I most enjoyed my rotations during residency training in the ICU and hospital medicine because the 12-hour shifts for long stretches of days fit my lifestyle. I am very active and fit, so being on my feet for long stretches comes easily. We also love the travel and the future work scheduled as an Intensivist fits that lifestyle. Most importantly, my spouse is also fully on board with that commitment."

During the next three of training as a Critical Care fellow, you will be subjected to long hours, odd shifts, and coverage on weekends, nights, and even holidays. Shifts are often 12 hours (or longer), and your interviewers want to ensure that you are aware of the personal commitment and sacrifice it will take to succeed in their program.

Explain to your interviewers that you know their program will require you to work and train while working 12 hours shifts, 365 days per year. Let them know you are ready to take on this challenge, personally and professionally.

What are some key things that you are looking for in a Critical Care fellowship program?

"As I researched Critical Care fellowships throughout the country, my main focus was on a wide breadth of clinical exposure, high-quality mentors with a low fellow-to-faculty ratio, and exposure to great research opportunities. Knowing that I want to practice in an academic center one day, I feel your program will give me the best opportunity to train with the best."

The matching algorithm for residency and fellowship programs takes an applicant-centered approach, meaning it matches medical students with their top choice as long as the program holds the candidate as a top choice. Knowing this, your interviewers want to ensure that their Critical Care fellowship program matches your needs and what you are looking for in a specific program.

Your interviewers are ultimately asking why you want to join their program. Explain how the program meets your needs and goals for training as an Intensivist. Before your interview, be sure to research the program and identify a few unique features of the program that are important to you when ranking the programs that you interview with.

"- Exposure to an array of conditions with multisystem pathology - pathological complexity - acuity - practical skills - education - keen to be taught and to teach - opportunity to be involved in research - part of a strong, respectful, and cohesive MDT"

Our Critical Care fellowship program offers different tracks for our fellows. Do you have an idea of a specific track you'd like to pursue if you matched into our program?

"One thing that interests me about your program is your community track for fellows who want to practice community medicine as an Intensivist. I went into medicine to help patients at the bedside and save lives; this is where I want my career to go post-fellowship. Your program would allow me to rotate to community hospital ICU settings in several locations."

Many Critical Care fellowship programs offer different training tracks for their fellows, allowing them to customize their training to fit their career goals. These tracks include clinical, physician investigator, community medicine, and pulmonary medicine. In asking this question, your interviewers want to be assured you are familiar with their tracks and to see if you have any initial thoughts on the track you want to pursue with their program.

With no right or wrong answer to a question like this, speak from the heart on your ideal training path as a Critical Care fellow and ensure it fits with your ultimate career goals. Since different programs can have different defined training tracks, it's essential that you thoroughly research the program you are interviewing with before your interview so you can speak knowledgeably about their tracks and which you prefer to pursue.

What do you like to do for fun outside of your medical training?

"For fun, I am very avid in the outdoors. This includes hiking, mountain biking, and camping. I love that training in your program would provide many great opportunities to explore new places with all three of these hobbies. I'm also very enthralled in cooking and exploring new cuisines to learn how to cook. This keeps the creative side of my brain active."

Your interviewers will pose some questions to get to know you throughout your time with them. They want to get a feel for who you are and what motivates you. They ask this question to ensure that you will partake in activities outside your Critical Care fellowship training that recharge you physically and mentally.

This question is more likely to be asked by senior fellows rather than attendings. This question asks what is unique about you as a person. Pick some popular activities to show that you would get along with the current fellows, as well as some unique activities to project yourself as a memorable person. Expect follow-up questions about your interests.

Is there a personality type that you find difficult to work effectively with?

"The two personality types that I find most difficult to work with are those who gossip and those who are self-centered in their approach to providing care. As an Internal Medicine Resident, I learned quickly that there was no room for gossip or a lack of team worth in the care environment. If someone on my team was narcissistic or gossiping, I would never hesitate to respectfully approach them to explain what our team needed from them. If the problem persisted, I would take it up the proper chain of command."

As you enter Critical Care fellowship training, you will work closely with intensivists, nursing staff, pharmacists, respiratory staff, PT staff, chaplains, and mid-level providers. This will be a very diverse team that will all have their own unique personalities and work styles. Your interviewers ask this question to determine your ability to work with even the most challenging personality styles.

As you answer this question, you ideally want to pick a quality that doesn't reflect poorly on you. Talking about demanding personalities may make you seem lazy or unable to work with demanding faculty in the program. Instead, choose a quality that impairs the ability of even the most competent and hard-working doctors to deliver high-quality care or work as part of a high-functioning team.

"- poor teamwork ethic - those who would sit in the mess and not help colleagues - rudeness - had several incidents of witnessed rudeness to either junior members of staff or patients. I respectfully intervened and addressed the issue."

How do you feel about the 80-hour workweek limit for residents and fellows?

"I understand this system is in place to prevent poor performance and patient care provided by residents and fellows due to exhaustion. There were times during my Internal Medicine Residency training when I knew the line was toed pretty closely, and by the end of the 6th day in a row working 12 hours shifts, I was exhausted. But, I know that the next three years in training as a Critical Care fellowship training will entail 12-hour shifts on consecutive days, and I'm once again ready for this challenge in progress towards my future practice."

In the early 2000s, the ACGME created rules that limited work hours for all medical residents and fellows, including the 80-hour workweek. Your interviewers mainly want to hear that you are aware of the work-hour limits that are in place and to know if you have any concerns or opinions on this as an incoming Critical Care fellow.

A lot of people are opinionated about this topic, and this could include one or more of your interviewers. For this reason, focus on the pros and cons and don't take a strong stance on this topic. State that you know the rules, why they are in place, and the impact they can have on every Critical Care fellow in training at their program.

Critical Care fellows in our program get the opportunity to participate in code teams if they choose. Are you willing to do so?

"I would jump at any chance to participate on the code blue team at your facility as a fellow. I am well versed in cardiac arrest situations and love the quick thinking and fast-paced environment of saving a patient's life. As you can see, my residency training is in New York City at a busy metropolitan hospital. Code teams were a marvel to watch in action the few times they came to units I was rotating on."

Critical Care fellows that are fortunate enough to be invited to and participate in code teams during their training gain invaluable experience that they can bring to any future practice after training. It is a highly desirable skill and experience for many employers. Your fellowship program interviewers ideally want to hear that you would jump at an opportunity to participate in code teams.

For the first part of your answer, it is an excellent idea to let your interviewers know that you are familiar with the roles of different code teams in any hospital-type setting. Be sure to elaborate on the fact that Critical Care physicians typically participate on the code blue teams within the hospital and express any code teams you would want to be a part of.

Is there anything that worries you about Critical Care fellowship training?

"I have all the confidence in the world in the clinical skills I've developed over the last three years of Internal Medicine training. I know that I will be mastering new skills in clinical and procedural practice during Critical Care fellowship training, and I'm not worried about that end. The only things that would risk keeping me up at night in your program would be quickly learning an unfamiliar EMR and integrating quickly with the existing team of senior fellows. I would make them priorities in my initial days with your program."

Your interviewers ask this question for two reasons. First, they want to ensure that common myths about becoming a Critical Care fellow are debunked for any prospective fellows that have worries that aren't true. Second, they want to hear how you are working on the areas in which you are not confident.

Rather than focusing on a potential deficit in your ability to perform as a Critical Care fellow, pick a common weakness you may have or discuss a common misconception about training in critical care medicine. Then, explain how you have taken or will take steps to prepare for this hurdle. Conversely, if you don't have any worries, confidently express this to your interviewers.

How would you deal with a disagreement among colleagues or senior fellows as a trainee with our program?

"It would depend on the disagreement. If the disagreement was with a senior fellow, I would defer to their opinion as they have more experience than I do. However, if I was concerned that they were making the wrong decision regarding patient care or providing subpar patient care, I wouldn't hesitate to discuss it with them respectfully. If necessary, I would go to the chief resident. For more serious issues, such as ignoring patient care responsibilities, I would go directly to the attending physician because these actions, or inactions, would be done under the umbrella of the attending's medical license."

Disagreements that require help from faculty or senior fellows are inevitable for Critical Care fellows during their training. Your team of interviewers wants to know that you can be respectful and diplomatic when you face a disagreement with your immediate colleagues.

For a colleague disagreement, you should go to your senior on the team. For conflicts with your senior, you should go to the chief fellow. If there is a significant and imminent risk of harm to the patient, you should go to the attending physician. Walk your interviewers through how you would first try to handle the disagreement among yourselves and then take it up the chain of command as necessary.

"Situation dependant - if conflict is due to a difference of opinion then generally it is important to respect seniority due to experience, further learning, etc. - if I believe that the decision is incorrect and will jeopardize patient safety, escalate concerns within the team respectfully - if conflict due to attitude/work ethic problem - informally discuss with the person involved, then formally discuss, then escalate."

Do you have any thoughts on how would you like to see the delivery of healthcare evolve in the coming years?

"Critical Care medicine as a specialty has only existed for about 40 years, and change and evolution have been consistent with new technologies, equipment, and medical advances. As hospitals and emergency units continue to advance, I think ICUs will be admitting patients much earlier than they do now, allowing staff to diagnose better and stabilize patients. I'd love to see more breakthroughs in therapy and non-invasive monitoring, and I think the technology will get there during my career."

Your interviewers want to know how you feel healthcare can improve, specifically for Critical Care Medicine. Demonstrating a forward-thinking and innovative vision will set you apart from the other current residents competing for a spot in their fellowship program.

Consider questions like this before your Critical Care fellowship interviews so you are prepared to talk in an educated manner about how healthcare can improve over time. Speak from the heart and maintain a positive attitude while you describe how healthcare is currently evolving.

"ICU is generally at the pinnacle of state-of-the-art technology love to be at the forefront of using said technology everchanging environment - implementation of research"

What challenges is the field of critical care medicine currently facing?

"I was recently reading about the rising costs of care in the ICU, and this is certainly a challenge for healthcare systems, patients, payors, and hospital staff. As we've moved forward from the pandemic, supply chain issues and lingering issues with capacity have only helped exceed this. As a Critical Care fellow and future Intensivist, I realize my part in helping will be to practice efficiency. I look forward to learning from your faculty on efficient, yet effective, care."

This question assesses your familiarity with critical care medicine and the current issues in the field. Your interviewers hope to gauge the passion that the residents they consider possess.

Before your Critical Care fellowship interviews, research this question so you can come to your interview prepared to discuss a couple of the issues the field is currently facing. Remember that the unstated question is how to fix the issues. You are welcome to give your educated opinion on this as you answer.

"My biggest challenge now is learning all procedures like intubation, and central line, and dealing with cases other than internal medicine cases (surgical, ob/gyn )."

How would you stay on top of trends and changes in the field of cardiology during your time as a fellow with our program?

"When I realized two years ago that my dream was to pursue Critical Care fellowship training at a reputable institution like yours, I immediately became a member of the SCCM. Throughout residency training, I've been very active in the ACP. As a fellow with your program, I look forward to attending the Critical Care Congress national meeting by the SSCM. Are there any other groups that you recommend to your current fellows?"

During your short time with them, your interviewers will want to know that you will fully immerse yourself in your field as a Critical Care fellow with their program. This includes staying up to date on new trends and understanding the challenges the industry faces, both now and in the future.

Talk about a few resources you plan to use to stay on top of Critical Care medicine industry trends. You might also ask the interviewers if they have any recommendations. This can start a conversation that will be helpful to you! Before your interview, look into the Intensivist groups, journals, and publications you are interested in.

"Current role - attend weekly teaching - voluntary seminars - courses: procedural skills, FELS, procedural sedation, airway management- senior input - every day is a learning day Conferences: MEDCON, IFQASH AmsterdamContinue educating studentsAudit and researchSubscriptions"

Would you be willing and able to complete our background check process if you match into our Critical Care fellowship?

"I am ready to fully comply with any background and verification checks required to join your program as a Critical Care fellow. I have clean criminal and driving records and have never had any credentialing issues or malpractice claims during my training."

It is necessary to pass a criminal background check in any healthcare-related setting. Your credentialing and state licensure at the program you match into will rely on it. Your interviewers ask this question to ensure that you could pass any required state or federal background checks required by their institution.

If you can successfully pass a criminal record check or education verification, explain that you have a clean record. If you have any blemishes and cannot pass a criminal record check or education verification, be upfront about that in the interview process. The Critical Care fellowship program will be more forgiving if you are honest about any marks on your background check.

What EHR systems were you exposed to during your medical school and residency training?

"During medical school, I was fortunate to learn EPIC, Cerner, and a custom system the hospital created. During my residency training, I worked solely in Meditech. I have a very keen knowledge of looking up patient records, charting notes, ordering labs, and prescribing medications in any system. While all systems had the same end goals, they operated very differently. I am very computer savvy and have always quickly picked up on each program. I know in a busy ICU setting, the need to be efficient in the system is vital, and I'm confident I'll be able to learn your system easily from the start as a fellow with your program."

Throughout your medical school rotations and residency training, you should have been exposed to different EHR programs and learned to work effectively on each. Your interviewers want to know that you can quickly learn and adapt to the system they use in their facilities as a new Critical Care fellow with their program.

First, speak openly and honestly about your experiences with different EHR programs during medical school by discussing each program you trained on and what role you played working within each. Then ensure your interviewers know you are comfortable working on their system by expressing your ability to learn any program in short order.

If you were to join our Critical Care fellowship program, would you have any concerns about relocating and living in this city for the next three years?

"I would have no concerns at all! I've always been fascinated by life on the west coast and know that there are great opportunities here for me to explore and grow as a person. I'm so excited for the next three years of my life and focusing my training on the rest of my career, and your Critical Care fellowship program is the perfect opportunity for me."

Every year, graduating Internal Medicine Residents compete to match into a wide array of fellowships to further their careers. This includes the competitive process for Critical Care fellowship programs. As you are likely applying to and interviewing with programs all over the country, your interviewers need to know that you are willing to relocate for their program.

If you have lived or visited the city or adjacent cities, you should mention this. If you know anyone there, talk about the good things they have told you. If it is an unfamiliar city/region, pick traits unique to the city that intrigue you and explain why an applicant may be open to living in the area. Ensure your interviewers understand that you have done your homework on the city and can see yourself thriving there.

Are there any invasive procedures you will be learning as a Critical Care fellow that intimidate you right now?

"I'm not intimidated easily, and I would join your fellowship program as a confident fellow. My residency training has prepared me well for any situation I will face in the intensive care setting. If I had to pinpoint one procedure that seems intimidating, it would be a cardiac catheter placement because there is no margin for error. I'm excited for the opportunity to learn this procedure hands-on from your faculty over the next three years."

The list of invasive procedures you will learn and master during your Critical Care fellowship training is long and includes everything from simple ultrasounds to the bread and butter vent management and bronchoscopies. Your interviewers want to hear about any procedures you may find intimidating when thinking about them.

Being intimidated by the things you will learn as a fellow is okay, but you don't want to come off as weak-minded or lacking confidence. You can express that you are intimidated by a procedure or two as long as you are ready and willing to take the time to learn from the expert faculty in this program. Your interviewers want to hear you speak confidently, so be sure to express that as you answer.

What does the perfect day during Critical Care fellowship training look like for you?

"I know that the perfect day likely doesn't exist for Critical Care fellows given the high acuity nature of the patients and the fact that conditions change quickly, but here is what my perfect day would look like. After a quick breakfast, I would come to my shift to review the vitals and overnight events for current patients and read up on any new admissions. The day would be filled with central line placements, ED consults, and rounds with a great attending physician. The day would finish with a successful handoff to the night team. After I got home, I would do my daily two-mile run, eat a light dinner, relax with a good book and call it a night for a busy following day."

Physician stress and burnout have become much more prevalent issues among doctors in every specialty. Intensivists have reported as high as 50% burnout, and the same applies to Critical Care fellows that undergo a strenuous training program for three years. In asking a question like this on your ideal day, your interviewers expect to hear what will keep you engaged and stress-free. Your answer will help them gauge how you will fit with their program and curriculum.

You can certainly have some fun answering this question and be frank with your ideal day when training as a Critical Care fellow. No matter how you answer, you want to speak with passion and try to match your perfect day to the offerings of the program you are interviewing with.

If I asked your friends, what would they say are your strengths and weaknesses?

"If you were to ask my core group of close friends, they would tell you that my strengths are my communication and motivational skills. I have an infectious spirit that can connect with any personality, which always allows me to work well as a part of a larger team. They would also tell you that my weakness is self-criticism. I frequently reflect on my words and actions and wonder if I should have said or done something different. I'm learning to be more confident in my decisions and thought processes and not second guess myself."

You will likely get a chance to talk about your strengths and weaknesses from your perspective during your Critical Care fellowship interview. This question is unique because your interviewers request that you answer from the perspective of your friends rather than your current resident colleagues or the attending physicians you've worked with in the past.

Give a strength that is unique to you and applies to medicine. It is a common strategy to offer a weakness that is actually a strength (e.g., "My weakness is that I work too hard"). The interviewers will recognize this as a transparent tactic. For this reason, you must provide an example of a legitimate weakness you have worked to improve. You hopefully will not offer more weaknesses than strengths in your answer.

How would you describe your personality using just three words?

"If I could describe my personality in three words, I would say that I am compassionate, fluid, and detailed. My personality is well suited for the critical care environment because my patients' well-being is always at the top of my mind, and I focus on my next move at all times. My compassionate approach to any situation will shine during my training with your program. I consider myself fluid because I am a 'go with the flow' type of person that is never rigid in my ways. This flexibility is vital in a Critical care setting and will allow me to thrive."

Your interviewers pose this question for two reasons. First, they want some insight into your personality to understand how you will fit in with the culture, faculty, and other fellows in their Critical Care fellowship program. They also want to hear how you view yourself. Notice they do not ask how others would describe you but how YOU would describe yourself.

Since you only have three words, make sure the words that you use will make a lasting impact on your interviewers. Some possible answers include adaptable, brave, compassionate, respectful, helpful, positive, thoughtful, and versatile. As you prepare for a question like this, avoid giving the same answer other candidates give. Explain your reasons for choosing these words to describe yourself.

With so many options, what is motivating you to pursue fellowship training in critical care medicine?

"In all honesty, upon entering Internal Medicine training, I was pretty unsure of where my path would take me. I had dreams of CV medicine and GI, but training during the pandemic and seeing the magical work that was done to save lives in an ICU in a major city played a huge role in my decision. I also loved the fast pace of the work and the 7 day on, 7 day off work schedule that I may be able to pursue one day."

Coming out of Internal Medicine residency training, many are tempted to hit the workforce and go directly into practice for financial gain and to practice medicine after many years of education and training. Your decision to pursue Critical Care fellowship training hopefully means you have a career path planned out. Your interviewers want to hear your career goals and real motivations for pursuing this path.

Come to your interview prepared to discuss your ultimate career goals as a physician and why this program is the best option for pursuing those goals. Regardless of your motivations and goals, speak with passion about where you see your career taking you.

What do you feel is the greatest non-medical strength you can bring to our Critical Care fellowship program?

"I feel the greatest strength I could bring to your program is my ability to work independently as a smart and efficient decision-maker. I have the confidence to make great decisions regarding the care of patients while being willing to ask questions or seek help when needed. I would never let this confidence be a detriment or hindrance when it came to situations to learn and grow from."

Your interviewers will be taking a lot of things into consideration from their pool of candidates when deciding how to rank them. When all are equal from a clinical and academic perspective, a question like this helps your interviewers separate the great candidates from the good ones.

Your answer to this question could include soft skills such as empathy, charity, integrity, and consistency. Tell a brief anecdote demonstrating why you find this strength necessary for future practice as an Intensivist. Be sure that your answer is well thought out, and speak with a passion to impress your team of interviewers.

If pursuing a career in medicine wasn't an option, what other career path would you have chosen outside of medicine?

"If medicine weren't an option for me, I likely would have pursued the police academy to become a local law enforcement officer. Protecting and serving a community would be an honor, and I could see myself thriving in that career."

Throughout your time with them, your interviewers may ask several questions to dive deeper into who you are. This hypothetical question will give the interviewers some insight into other topics that interest them outside the medical field.

There is no right or wrong answer, but you should consider questions like this before your Critical Care fellowship interviews. Talk openly and honestly with your interviewers about where your career path would have ideally taken you if becoming a physician wasn't an option. You can certainly have some fun with your answer here if it gives insight into your interests and passions outside of medicine.

Talk about a time you showed initiative by taking the lead in a situation during your residency training. Why did you take action as the leader, and what was the outcome?

"Growing up and into my college years, I was a natural leader to my peers. This is evident in my years of participating in team sports and being a captain of my teams. During my residency training, I was excited to be voted chief resident during my third year, and I've taken advantage of this opportunity. While recently rotating in our ICU, I took charge of a critical patient situation on a night shift and guided our nursing staff to help stabilize a patient. It was gratifying to be the physician in charge of directing care and feel comfortable and confident. This is an experience that I will carry with me for the next three years in your Critical Care fellowship."

Critical Care Intensivists need to have the ability to take charge and command a care team when things go south for a patient. You will have the opportunity to assume this responsibility many times during your fellowship training. Your interviewers want to see that you are confident enough to take the initiative when the opportunity arises as a fellow with their program. Most medical training programs don't provide formal leadership training, so your interviewers want to know that you are a natural leader.

Carefully describe a situation during your residency training where you saw a chance to lead and took advantage of it. Talk about the success of the moment and your biggest takeaway. You'll want to highlight your ability to communicate effectively and lead others as you answer this question. In the end, be sure to reiterate that you are willing and ready to take charge in the ICU as a fellow.

How timely would you say your charting and dictations were during residency training?

"I learned a few lessons on the timeliness of patient charting during residency training and made it a priority in my final years of residency training. I will bring great habits to your Critical Care fellowship. As an Intensivist, I know how reimbursement by third-party payers can be affected by incomplete charts and incorrect coding. Just as important is the need for accuracy, and attempting to remember specifics from a procedure or rounds can become spotty if too much time has passed."

Getting behind on charting after a long and busy day in a Critical Care setting is easy for any fellow, but the results can be catastrophic. Since patient notes can impact new staff at shift turnover, your interviewers must be assured that you would always prioritize your charting during each shift, even when time gets busy.

Speak openly and honestly about how your prioritized your patient charting during residency training and push your answer further by highlighting any direct feedback you received on your charting skills from faculty. If your charting/dictation wasn't always timely, it is okay to bring that up as long as you can express what you learned from it moving forward into Critical Care fellowship training.

As a Critical Care fellow with our program, how will you handle the inevitable conflict with a patient's family member or loved in a healthy and respectful manner?

"During my rotation in a busy outpatient IM clinic during my second year, I had a patient that was very irritable about the waiting time. As I examined the patient, he became very vulgar with this language about our staff and insisted nobody cared about the wait time he had experienced. First and foremost, I didn't take his foul language personally and decided to let him air his thoughts out. Once he was done and I was still performing my examination, I apologized for the wait time and assured him that all staff was doing their best to handle a busy clinic schedule. I reiterated that our providers were committed to providing attentive care to every patient, including him. I know this experience prepared me well for the emotional patients and family members I will be consulting during Critical Care fellowship training. I'm confident that my ability in this area will benefit all of your patients."

The family members and loved ones of ICU patients are under a great deal of stress and emotions. As you interview with Critical Care fellowship programs, your interviewers need to know that you can handle these conflicts respectfully, as they will inevitably happen to you during fellowship training.

As you answer, you want to highlight your ability to empathize with the family members you are working with. Building a connection with them will help greatly to put their minds and emotions at ease. If possible, describe a simple scenario you experienced during residency training, focusing on your response to the challenge rather than describing the details of the conflict. When you discuss how you handled it fairly, emphasize that clear communication was instrumental. Describe what you took from that situation that you will put into practice as a Critical Care fellow.

As a Critical Care fellow, how will you respond when asked to do a procedure or task that you are unfamiliar with and uncomfortable handling?

"I am confident in my medical knowledge and the skills that I developed during my residency training, but I also know that I will tackle some things that will be new to me in the Critical Care setting. When faced with this situation, I wouldn't hesitate to ask a senior fellow or faculty member for guidance. My goal is to leave the fellowship with all the skills necessary to be a confident and competent physician. I greatly look forward to these learning opportunities with your program."

As you enter Critical Care fellowship training out of residency, you know that you will be tackling many new procedures and tasks in practice that you haven't been directly exposed to before. This includes performing chest tube insertions, bronchoscopies, and catheter insertions. In proposing a question like this, your interviewers will be looking to hear that you would take a collaborative and learning approach and that you aren't afraid to ask for help when you know your shortcomings.

This is not the time to say that you would jump in with both feet and potentially risk the safety and well-being of a patient. Your interviewers are not looking for someone who jumps when someone says jump, but someone willing to jump with confidence and competence. Provide an answer that illustrates this difference. As you answer, talk about your willingness to ask for help and learn.

"Confident in the clinical skills I have so far. Very keen to learn new skills on the job. - Observe -> Supervision -> observation -> independent and escalate Practical skills course/airway courses / paeds rotations pushing limits. Important to intervene if uncomfortable. Patient safety priority."

In the ICU, things can get tense. How do you think you will perform under the pressure of being a Critical Care fellow?

"A few weeks ago, I worked a night float rotation in a maximum capacity hospital unit. Several units were full, including our general ICU, so our workload was increased greatly. I buckled down and dealt with every patient one at a time. I made sure to take the time after each patient to document my notes as I normally would. Communication during this shift was vital, ensuring that all providers and nursing staff were on the same page. The attending physician and I worked through some hiccups with constant communication. I know that communication and teamwork are critical to effectively managing a busy ICU and the hourly challenges that arise, and I'm confident in my abilities that I would bring to your Critical Care fellowship program."

Your interviewers need to know that you have the tools and skillset to face the pressure that comes with training in their Critical Care fellowship program. In asking this question, they expect you to describe the tools, resources, and mindset you use to navigate the most pressure-packed situations as a physician.

To prove your ability to handle the pressures of fellowship training, it is best to provide an example of a time you were challenged by a large workload or a pressure-packed situation as an Internal Medicine resident. Discuss how you reacted in that situation, what you learned from this experience, and if you would do things differently next time. Don't forget to talk about the resources you used to ensure that you also paid close attention to the fine details.

If you join our Critical Care fellowship, what type of team player would you be?

"I have always thrived in a team environment and can be very fluid in my roles on a team, as long as it is for the greater good. I am most comfortable leading others and can't wait to do this with the team of nursing staff and other care staff at your institution as a Critical Care fellow. My leadership starts with building rapport with my team and keeping lines of communication open on both ends. I encourage others to come to me when needed and don't hesitate to give constructive feedback to my team members when necessary."

In the fast-paced world of an ICU, providing the best care possible requires diligent synchronization of efforts from Intensivists, nursing staff, respiratory therapists, and all other staff. The program you are interviewing with must match fellows who can take direction and take the lead when necessary, all while being a true team player. With this question, your interviewers are giving you chance to talk about the type of team player you will be as part of their program.

Explain that you are a great communicator, can take direction, and can take charge and lead others when needed. Discuss your experiences as part of a larger team during your residency training and the role you are most comfortable playing on a team. While this is an open-ended question, be sure to give some semblance of your ability to lead others respectfully.

As a Critical Care fellow in our program, you will be working side by side with Advanced Practice Providers. Would you have any issues in doing so?

"During residency training, I got to work very closely with mid-level providers in the hospital and clinic setting, and they were great to work with. They greatly improved patient access, which is a benefit to all. They are also very knowledgeable in procedures and can be the second set of eyes in many situations. In the state where I trained for residency, they did not have a full scope of authority, and physicians needed to sign off on any prescriptions they wrote. Can you talk about your state's scope of practice for Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistant and discuss how they function in your critical care setting?"

Over the years, there has always been some hesitation for physicians to work alongside APPs. But the reality is that most large institutions have made the financial decision to employ and use more APPs in practice. Your interviewers need to be assured that you are comfortable training in this situation and that you will be a great team player with Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants.

Your answer to this question can be a pretty short and sweet 'no,' you wouldn't have any issues working closely with mid-level provider staff while training during your Critical Care fellowship. To further solidify your response to this question, highlight some of the positive aspects that Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants can bring to a practice.

Critical Care Fellowship Interview Questions

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1. What is the biggest challenge you faced in your Internal Medicine residency training program?
2. Tell us about a difficult patient experience during your residency training. How did you handle the situation professionally and respectfully?
3. Talk about the most interesting case you were exposed to during your residency training. What made it so interesting to you?
4. Tell us about a time you received constructive criticism from an attending physician or senior resident during your residency training. How did you handle that situation?
5. As a Critical Care fellow, how will you explain a complex procedure or diagnosis to the family of a patient?
6. How would you describe your communication skills?
7. Are you mentally and physically prepared to handle the required shift work in our Critical Care fellowship program?
8. What are some key things that you are looking for in a Critical Care fellowship program?
9. Our Critical Care fellowship program offers different tracks for our fellows. Do you have an idea of a specific track you'd like to pursue if you matched into our program?
10. What do you like to do for fun outside of your medical training?
11. Is there a personality type that you find difficult to work effectively with?
12. How do you feel about the 80-hour workweek limit for residents and fellows?
13. Critical Care fellows in our program get the opportunity to participate in code teams if they choose. Are you willing to do so?
14. Is there anything that worries you about Critical Care fellowship training?
15. How would you deal with a disagreement among colleagues or senior fellows as a trainee with our program?
16. Do you have any thoughts on how would you like to see the delivery of healthcare evolve in the coming years?
17. What challenges is the field of critical care medicine currently facing?
18. How would you stay on top of trends and changes in the field of cardiology during your time as a fellow with our program?
19. Would you be willing and able to complete our background check process if you match into our Critical Care fellowship?
20. What EHR systems were you exposed to during your medical school and residency training?
21. If you were to join our Critical Care fellowship program, would you have any concerns about relocating and living in this city for the next three years?
22. Are there any invasive procedures you will be learning as a Critical Care fellow that intimidate you right now?
23. What does the perfect day during Critical Care fellowship training look like for you?
24. If I asked your friends, what would they say are your strengths and weaknesses?
25. How would you describe your personality using just three words?
26. With so many options, what is motivating you to pursue fellowship training in critical care medicine?
27. What do you feel is the greatest non-medical strength you can bring to our Critical Care fellowship program?
28. If pursuing a career in medicine wasn't an option, what other career path would you have chosen outside of medicine?
29. Talk about a time you showed initiative by taking the lead in a situation during your residency training. Why did you take action as the leader, and what was the outcome?
30. How timely would you say your charting and dictations were during residency training?
31. As a Critical Care fellow with our program, how will you handle the inevitable conflict with a patient's family member or loved in a healthy and respectful manner?
32. As a Critical Care fellow, how will you respond when asked to do a procedure or task that you are unfamiliar with and uncomfortable handling?
33. In the ICU, things can get tense. How do you think you will perform under the pressure of being a Critical Care fellow?
34. If you join our Critical Care fellowship, what type of team player would you be?
35. As a Critical Care fellow in our program, you will be working side by side with Advanced Practice Providers. Would you have any issues in doing so?

Critical Care Fellowship Interview Questions

1. What is the biggest challenge you faced in your Internal Medicine residency training program?

2. Tell us about a difficult patient experience during your residency training. How did you handle the situation professionally and respectfully?

3. Talk about the most interesting case you were exposed to during your residency training. What made it so interesting to you?

4. Tell us about a time you received constructive criticism from an attending physician or senior resident during your residency training. How did you handle that situation?

5. As a Critical Care fellow, how will you explain a complex procedure or diagnosis to the family of a patient?

6. How would you describe your communication skills?

7. Are you mentally and physically prepared to handle the required shift work in our Critical Care fellowship program?

8. What are some key things that you are looking for in a Critical Care fellowship program?

9. Our Critical Care fellowship program offers different tracks for our fellows. Do you have an idea of a specific track you'd like to pursue if you matched into our program?

10. What do you like to do for fun outside of your medical training?

11. Is there a personality type that you find difficult to work effectively with?

12. How do you feel about the 80-hour workweek limit for residents and fellows?

13. Critical Care fellows in our program get the opportunity to participate in code teams if they choose. Are you willing to do so?

14. Is there anything that worries you about Critical Care fellowship training?

15. How would you deal with a disagreement among colleagues or senior fellows as a trainee with our program?

16. Do you have any thoughts on how would you like to see the delivery of healthcare evolve in the coming years?

17. What challenges is the field of critical care medicine currently facing?

18. How would you stay on top of trends and changes in the field of cardiology during your time as a fellow with our program?

19. Would you be willing and able to complete our background check process if you match into our Critical Care fellowship?

20. What EHR systems were you exposed to during your medical school and residency training?

21. If you were to join our Critical Care fellowship program, would you have any concerns about relocating and living in this city for the next three years?

22. Are there any invasive procedures you will be learning as a Critical Care fellow that intimidate you right now?

23. What does the perfect day during Critical Care fellowship training look like for you?

24. If I asked your friends, what would they say are your strengths and weaknesses?

25. How would you describe your personality using just three words?

26. With so many options, what is motivating you to pursue fellowship training in critical care medicine?

27. What do you feel is the greatest non-medical strength you can bring to our Critical Care fellowship program?

28. If pursuing a career in medicine wasn't an option, what other career path would you have chosen outside of medicine?

29. Talk about a time you showed initiative by taking the lead in a situation during your residency training. Why did you take action as the leader, and what was the outcome?

30. How timely would you say your charting and dictations were during residency training?

31. As a Critical Care fellow with our program, how will you handle the inevitable conflict with a patient's family member or loved in a healthy and respectful manner?

32. As a Critical Care fellow, how will you respond when asked to do a procedure or task that you are unfamiliar with and uncomfortable handling?

33. In the ICU, things can get tense. How do you think you will perform under the pressure of being a Critical Care fellow?

34. If you join our Critical Care fellowship, what type of team player would you be?

35. As a Critical Care fellow in our program, you will be working side by side with Advanced Practice Providers. Would you have any issues in doing so?