What's your greatest work-related accomplishment?

"Just recently, I spent some time analyzing and identifying the root causes of our department's underperformance and was challenged with addressing these issues in the most cost-effective manner. After a while, I focused on a multitude of bureaucratic systems, checks and balances that seemed extraneous. So, upon some deep inquiry, I learned many of these measures were put into place as a result of a few poorly performing employees who'd set a poor precedent and were detrimental to the performance of the entire department. But those individuals were long gone, and I felt any such prior issues would be better thwarted through training. So, I led a multi-department team in creating an ethical standards guideline for our organization, and for the work we did, and then streamlined all of our systems accordingly. Within three weeks, the entire department was overperforming and we set some new records."

With this question, as they consider you for this role at the NSA, your interviewer wants concrete evidence of your competency. They're also looking to gain a sense of your values and personal motivations on the job through hearing about your greatest accomplishment. A successful answer will highlight your passion for your work and the aspects that give you fulfillment. Be sure to mention the outcome that directly followed this accomplishment and any accolades you received. Assure your interviewer that you continue to set career goals in the field and will continue to do so in this new opportunity at the NSA.

The National Security Agency conducts annual employee surveys through their "Intelligence Community (IC) Climate Survey," which recently reported that their employees are dedicated, happy, and motivated at work and that 92% of their colleagues are constantly looking for ways to do their jobs better. So, when answering this question, consider what made your accomplishment unique, and what it contributed to the rest of your teams. To what extent was your accomplishment above and beyond, and how frequently do you contribute at this level? Additionally, the NSA is known to have a very supportive and positive work culture, offering unique career paths, and training employees in entirely new skill sets within their agency, which often results in lifelong careers. So reflect upon your drive and ambition as well, and how far you plan to take your career with them if presented with this opportunity.

"My accomplishments have largely been personal because I have just graduated from college. I have three projects I would like to mention, they are called ConsoleGraphics3, OpenGL rendering engine, and MuddyTown Algorithm. All of these projects challenged me in various ways and have made me a better developer."

"My greatest accomplishment would be my current role as Supply support lead. Successfully manage a staff of 10 individuals and work hand in hand with the U.S. Coastguard to implement new processes and procedures to streamline the supply workflow efforts.Since creating this process flow the supply department has been able to provision and catalog 256 parts in a three-month time frame."

"My greatest work-related accomplishment would be during my time at Amazon when I increased stow rates by 70 units per hour as a team average through engagement, removing barriers, and delivering feedback as a leader. Before I took over, this team was ranked near last place."

"Managed my first tech project for ______. Program manager for the biggest technology project to move 500 centers to cloud-based routing. $129M in expenditures, with a 5-year benefit of $18.8M through reduced transfers, increased internal occupancy, and platform savings. I collaborated with technical and center teams to manage over 60 projects within the program. I accelerated the original timeline and ensured complete and timely communication to centers and leadership before the program began and while it was ongoing. Managed the established budget and gained assistance from additional areas of the business to establish connections with IVR and Google AI."

"This summer, I had to implement an automated ETL template using AWS Sagemaker Studio. While I had extensive experience in Python, I had no experience working with Python in the scope that the company was requiring of me, as they required me to incorporate SQL and other AWS-specific tasks inside a Python notebook, and I did not receive that much guidance as to how the project should be completed. The only resources I could reference were the "Hello World" base case example of how the feature processor library should be used, and the documentation as to what each function was designed to do. I had to use different types of research methods, such as using tools like ChatGPT, along with doing extensive brute-force testing, to accomplish this task. What was supposed to be an entire summer-long project was accomplished in a month."

Who is an intelligent person you admire?

"I am a history buff and I love reading biographies. One of the people who I greatly admire is Alan Turing. I mean, he was a mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and was brilliant in every way. So much of what the NSA does today is owed to him. How about you? What brilliant person do you admire?"

Your interviewer is posing this question in an attempt to get to know your personal side a bit better and see the type of person they'd be hiring to join their team at the National Security Agency. Have fun with this question. Choose a family member, friend, mentor, author, celebrity, or influencer in your industry. Be sure to back up your answer with why you consider that person to be the smartest. Keep the conversation going by asking the interviewer the same question.

One of the taglines for the NSA is that they are "where intelligence goes to work." They also state, when looking to recruit talent, that they're "searching for the brightest minds who are looking to start their career at NSA, where continual learning, work-life balance and protecting the nation are top priorities." So, when sharing someone who you admire for their wisdom, decision-making, or intellect, you'll want to go into depth on why you admire them, and what it is about them that serves as a role model for what you strive to be. If you can align these with the culture, purpose, and mission of the NSA, all the better.

"My brother has a friend who has retired at the age of 32. he invested in real estate, and now lives on the passive income stream that he built for himself. He is free to do whatever he likes for the rest of his life."

What does innovation look like in your work?

"Anything I can do that helps me over-deliver. I've made a habit of stepping outside of my comfort zone, and more often than not, doing so is as simple as looking at things outside of the proverbial box. It's tapping into my attention to detail, tapping into resources I hadn't considered utilizing before. It's adapting unconventional methodologies to solve problems. It is continually thinking ahead of the curve, without pause. This is something I actually take a lot of pride in and which greatly contributes to my job satisfaction. Really feeling these skills could be put to use here is what prompted me to pursue a career with the NSA."

With national security, the NSA has to stay one step ahead, especially when it comes to cybersecurity and signals intelligence. As a result of their efforts, the NSA has developed technological innovations that are now commonplace in the private sector. Therefore, the staff at the National Security Agency are expected to always be innovative in the projects they take on. Do your research. Get a feeling about what innovation means at the NSA and the work you'll be expected to perform.

When elaborating on what innovation means to you, do what you can to share your perspective and methodology for improving upon, or finding entirely new paths forward. Give them a sense of what makes you unique, and what you stand to contribute. Not just your ideas, but how resourceful you are, how you find the answers, and how you communicate and implement those ideas with success. On LinkedIn, one of the NSA's recruiters is quoted as having said, "The advice I would give to aspiring NSA employees is to reach out of your comfort zone, take initiative, search for the unknown, and take a chance at every opportunity given." Additionally, when touching on their brand of innovation, the NSA says on their careers site, "NSA's focus on innovation transformation into an agency that rapidly adapts to unforeseen challenges and opportunities by helping organizations rapidly iterate, integrate tight feedback loops, bring outside technology and tradecraft in, and make better decisions under uncertainty." So, when formulating your response, consider how your approach aligns with their priorities of smart decision-making and rapid adaptability.

"Once I finish something, I would find new ways to do the same thing more efficiently. thinking outside the box, and being creative with my approaches to a problem. Studying how others approach their problem."

What about your work do you find most rewarding?

"Well, I chose this career path because I find it rewarding sheerly because I am good at what I do. In fact, among my own circles, at school and in my communities, I am one of the best. So, now, I wanted to be surrounded by the best of the best. I want to collaborate and work with great like-minds. So, that's what I find rewarding about my work. It's being good at what I do, and the thrill of working with brilliant minds who surprise me by teaching me something new. So, the chance to put my talents to work for the NSA in this environment would be thrilling."

Your interviewer wants to get a feel for your commitment and passion, and the pride you take in your work. Align your career goals with the mission and values of the National Security Agency. Study the job description, and outline the aspects of this job that you'll find most rewarding, both professionally and personally. You want them to imagine you in this role at the NSA.

How you answer this question will offer them clues as to how invested you are in this opportunity. It will inform them of what aspects of this career path you find the most attractive and motivating. To get a better feel for what the agency has to offer, and more insight into what their target talent looks like, spend time reading up on the testimonials of their current employees. And don't limit your research to the NSA's web pages. Also, spend time combing through their LinkedIn and Facebook pages as well. The more versed you are in all the available information pertaining to the NSA, the stronger your work ethic will seem.

The National Security Agency describes their people as their greatest resource. By offering them a more sustainable and rewarding work environment, a strong work-life balance, and an abundance of education and training opportunities, they create an atmosphere that offers greater opportunities for innovation and advancement. Here are a few testimonials from their people attesting to this: "I get to do what I love every day!" "Getting to see the world. Endless opportunity to learn and make a difference." "The privilege to work with great people from all walks of life marching toward common goals whom have inspired me personally and professionally." "My passion as an individual is mentoring others." "I take pride in knowing that I am able to help advance the mission and am able to serve as mentor and leader for those who will take my place in the future." "Working with the military has increased my awareness of our men and women in uniform. I have never been as grateful to them for their service as I am now." "The most rewarding aspects are the opportunities to develop either by formal education programs, certifications, agency classes, or peer-to-peer training, from technical skills to leadership skills." "The people and the opportunities. I work with the most incredible people day in and day out." "I get to work with incredibly brilliant and dedicated people every day. I love that I can voice my ideas and have them heard. I love that NSA cares about me. I love that I have the ability to flex my time to meet my personal needs. I love that what I do matters."

"I need exposure to the industry and be part of a real team. I will be exposed to stressful work environments, constraints, workflow, etc. All of this adaptation is very good for my personal growth."

"Personally, I think just being a part of something bigger than myself, and helping achieve the highest standard in anything while also supporting anything NAS would be most rewarding."

"I believe that I would find the satisfaction of completing projects and making a contribution to the NSA to be the most rewarding thing in this role. I like when I can make a positive contribution to a team, company, or organization, as it makes me feel as if I am a positive contributor. Being able to make meaningful contributions is what I would find most rewarding in this role."

Why do you want to work for the National Security Agency?

"When I saw this opportunity come up, I was thrilled. I've always been impressed by the NSA and everything it's achieved and all it's contributed to our nation's defense and development. It would be my dream to dedicate the rest of my career to a place that has a real purpose and mission. I've never been interested in plodding along, working for some company whose purpose and values I wouldn't truly believe in. So, considering the flexible career options the agency has for its employees, all that they do, and what they stand for, I think the real question should be, is there any place I would rather work other than the NSA? And my answer to that question would be, no."

Your interviewer needs to gauge your interest in and passion for this opportunity. Out of all the applicants they've screened, they're now interviewing many well-qualified candidates. Although it is impossible to know how you compare, the only thing you have control over is how well you have prepared to present yourself. Familiarize yourself with the NSA's culture and core values. Communicate how your values and passions align with the work the NSA performs. Display your passion, dedication, and loyalty. Be genuine and sincere when sharing your investment in this opportunity.

For most people, the biggest factors when choosing an employer have to do with furthering their career goals, increased job satisfaction, and an increased quality of life. Yet, when mapping out a five-year career plan, one must recognize change is inevitable. Yet, the NSA addresses many of these concerns through uniquely flexible career paths, a high focus on enhancing their people's work-life balance, and generous pay and benefits."From the moment you start your career at NSA until you retire, we'll provide you with the resources you need to achieve your goals. Challenging, rewarding, life-changing, history-making, there's no single way to describe a career at NSA. We bring our expertise and talent to bear against the most difficult national security challenges. At NSA, there's no such thing as being pigeonholed in your career. We give you the freedom to spread your wings and fly. Whether you want to take your career step-by-step, or by leaps and bounds, continual career growth is a top priority at NSA by covering the cost for training or an advanced degree. From mentorship and development opportunities to training and tuition assistance, we provide the tools necessary to create a unique career path and the resources to help you succeed."

"It is a federal agency, and it would open doors for me in a lot of ways. Also, I am mainly looking for industry exposure and to be part of a real team. I want to start adapting to real-world demands, stresses at work, etc. I have technical knowledge, now I need hands-on experience."

"I share the same values as NSA, I have had family members serve in the various branches of the military. NSA is an extremely reputable agency, and if hired I would be thrilled to help support what NSA stands for."

"I am interested in joining the National Security Agency because I want to work for a position and a role that I have experience in and enjoy doing while working for an organization that is committed to upstanding a high moral ground and has proven in the past to have a positive impact on America and its society."

What would you most look forward to working for the NSA?

"I come from a long line of family members who served our country. But, not feeling I was cut out for combat, I wanted to serve in another way. After my college experience, I am now anxious to put my talents to work, especially concerning my mathematic and computer science talents and skills. So, wanting to serve my country, I felt my gifts would be best served working for the NSA than any other branch of our defense department. I truly feel honored to have earned this interview here today. Your commitment to serving and protecting our country is a mission I am passionate about, and if I were to earn this role, it would be a badge of honor I would wear proudly."

How you answer this question will help your interviewer assess whether you'll fit well with their culture and can fulfill the responsibilities required. So, do your research on the job and the culture at the NSA. Then, when putting your response together, speak about what makes you excited about the new job, and align the responsibilities and opportunities in your current role with the one you're applying for.

Craft your answer in a manner that will resonate with your interviewer. They are your audience, and the more you adapt your communication style to them, the more successful your interview will be. Keep in mind, a large part of their recruiting efforts is how they have carefully tailored their value propositions to attract their target talent. They describe the work you would be doing as "challenging, rewarding, life-changing, history-making, there's no single way to describe a career at NSA. When you start a career at NSA, you get the complete package: an invaluable mission, abundance of professional growth, and a generous investment in your health, well-being and future. As an employee of NSA, you will work with leading experts in a variety of fields to protect the nation through world-class intelligence and cybersecurity operations. You and your colleagues will write history one day at a time."

When formulating your answer, you want to showcase your passion for being a part of the NSA's "High-Value Mission. NSA is part of the U.S. Department of Defense, serving as a combat support agency. Supporting our military service members around the world is one of the most important things that we do. We provide wireless and wired secure communications to our warfighters and others in uniform no matter where they are, whether traveling through Afghanistan in a Humvee, diving beneath the sea, or flying into outer space. Our cybersecurity mission also produces and packages the codes that secure our nation's weapons systems. NSA analysts, linguists, engineers and other personnel deploy to hostile areas to provide actionable SIGINT and cybersecurity support to warfighters on the front lines."

"I will be very interested in data engineering and algorithm designing work. I will get to see how a real software development team operates. I will have a chance to understand the demands of such a workplace."

"NSA to me is probably the most powerful and important place, so to be a part of an organization like that I think is just amazing."

How will your communication style benefit the NSA?

"I am forthright, open, and honest. I am upfront and honest and conduct myself with integrity. I am very empathic and a strong listener. I pay close attention to the nonverbal cues of those who I am communicating with, and am quick to adapt my communication style to others, or as appropriate to any given situation. I am respectful, always levelheaded, and thorough and deliberate in my oral and written communication."

Effective communication is crucial in a national security job, especially in an organization such as the NSA. Therefore, your interviewer must get a sense of how experienced you are in a variety of communication skills. They need to ensure you'll be able to effectively lead conversations with subject matter experts, cross-functional stakeholders, team members, and/or external partnerships. How you answer will potentially inform them of how well your communication style will fit in with theirs.

When combing through several of the NSA's job postings, you'll find the competencies that are required for that position. But don't just limit your research to the position for which you are applying. Spend time familiarizing yourself with the other roles they are looking to fill at the agency, regardless of whether you are interested in pursuing it as a potential future career path or not. Doing so will offer you a bigger picture of the other teams you'll be working with, what their role entails, and what your cross-functional communication will look like.For example, in many of the positions they need to fill, both written and oral communication is a required competency. "Listening, being receptive to others, attending to non-verbal cues, and responding appropriately. Clearly and effectively expressing ideas, facts, or other information to individuals or groups. Making clear and convincing oral presentations in policy, procedural and technological topics. Communicating relevant information accurately, in a succinct and organized manner, and using the proper format, grammar, and spelling. Producing written material that is compelling and appropriate for the intended audience. Educate and advise employees on how to communicate with impact on topics that matter most. Articulate ideas and craft communication products that tell a compelling story. Whether your specialty is visual communication, writing, editing, or web development, you will create internal or external communications that provide vital information to many critical audiences."

"I try to be clear with what I am trying to express. I will be part of a team and I will have to pitch ideas, so I need to make sure the idea is useful, and it is achievable. I always listen after I have talked, so I can understand their perspective. Then, I try to establish a common ground."

"I would describe my communication style as direct and honest with all of my peers. I believe this is the best way to communicate because it cuts out any extra information that could lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication."

Why should we hire you?

"From the time I was made aware of this opening through this interview today, I've had a strong feeling that I could help make a huge difference for the NSA and the American people in this role. My years of experience in contract management, negotiations, and writing grant proposals will allow me to join your team and make an impact from day one. I would bring tenacity in seeking new ways of sourcing goods and materials and I get the sense that your team is really looking for this. You've really helped cement today that I see the NSA as the place I want to spend the remainder of my career with and retire from someday. The amazing benefits package speaks for itself, but the mission here and who you serve is what will keep me running at a top level all day. I'm confident that you won't find a candidate that is more passionate and dedicated about this position with the NSA than me."

Even though jobs at the NSA require a high-security clearance and U.S. Citizenship, positions there are highly sought after and typically have a very competitive candidate pool. If your interviewer will be facing a tough hiring decision in the end, they'll pose this question to give you the opportunity to give your sales pitch on why they should hire you. To best take advantage of the opportunity you have with this question, you should connect your ability to take your experience and education and perform the job at the highest level with your long-term commitment to a career with the NSA. Your goal in answering should be for your interviewer to remember you and what you'll bring to the NSA long after they conclude their interview process.

What does providing excellent service mean to you?

"I view the word as performing one's duty, being in service of, or joining in the effort of something bigger than oneself, in line with one's priorities, values, and greater interests, expanding to one's community or country. And, when you are serving for no greater reason than it is what you believe in, then you'll put your all in, and earnestly do so with excellence. I spent the first 15 years of my career in the private sector. Now I feel a calling to do my part and give back to my country after all it has given to me, and what better way to give back than by contributing to the greater good and safety of the United States."

To better define what this means to the agency, and how they serve the interests of the country, research the terms they frequently used to describe their mission. For example, the NSA's first value is commitment to service. They also use keywords and phrases, such as protect and preserve, security, serving the nation, offering support, and helping the United States and its allies and partners. Be thoughtful in your communication, explaining it in such a way as if you already worked for the NSA and were answering this question as if it were asked by a member of the public.

Deep dive into the many ways in which the NSA helps serve to protect the security of the nation, from the military to the private sector. "We provide intelligence support to military operations through our signals intelligence activities, while our cybersecurity personnel, products and services ensure that military communications and data remain secure, and out of the hands of our adversaries. We set common protocols and standards so that our military can securely share information with our allies, NATO and coalition forces around the world. Interoperability is a key to successful joint operations and exercises. NSA establishes collaborative relationships to prevent, detect, and defeat cyber adversaries targeting our nation's most sensitive networks. NSA offers no-cost cybersecurity services to any company that has contracts with DoD or access to non-public DoD information."

"Simply doing the things that I am told to do, correctly and efficiently. self-study often to keep up with changes in the industry. adapt to new environments and new team members. communicate effectively, and work together towards a solution."

If hired for this role at the National Security Agency, how long will it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our team?

"I would say that it will take as quickly and as long as it takes. Making meaningful contributions is not solely dependent on me, but how quickly I am accepted and embraced by the teams I'll be joining, and how swiftly I can build collaborative relationships with them, and as quickly as my mentor recommends. I want to be respected and accepted and to have a firm lay of the land and comprehensive knowledge of the structure, systems, and protocols in place that are there to ensure my success. So, being new to the arena, it will lean on the guidance of those who are here before me to answer that question."

Your interviewer is curious about your approach and how you go about entering a new work environment when trying to contribute and make an impact. This question is less about how big your ideas are, or how anxious you are to contribute, and more about how you go about making suggestions for noticeable improvements in the workplace. So, when answering this question, place as much focus on your interpersonal skills and your sense of humility as on how you intend to put your talents and abilities to work.

If you've been offered an interview opportunity, you likely meet all the job requirements for the position. Also, according to the NSA, onboarding and orientation take only a couple of days. So showcase your experience in other ways. Instead, focus your answer on your work ethic, and how you'd approach learning about the NSA's structure, systems, procedures, and standards, all while cultivating relationships with those you will be working with. To contribute in any major way, they need you to first learn who you are working with before you can successfully collaborate with them. "To solve problems of broad magnitude, every voice adds to the discussion."

"I think the size of the contribution has little to do with how meaningful it would be. I could start making meaningful contributions in around 3 days. But, if we are talking about large-scale contributions, it would take a few weeks of preparation."

"I am confident that I could make an impact right away. I am a very competent Supply Lead currently running the Supply Department for the Offshore Patrol; Cutters for the US Coast Guard. I plan to learn as much as I can through your processes and streamline productivity within the first few weeks of my employment."

How does the workplace culture we've built at the National Security Agency align with your ideal work environment?

"I feel well aligned with your workplace culture, and it feels as if it is designed for people like me to thrive. I've worked for companies where the work was less motivating and not as driven by such purpose. Where my merits were less celebrated and seen more as competition for those who were racing up the ranks. So working for a team centered on mission success rather than individual success, where my contributions are valued, and where the values are in line with my own, as they are here, would feel like the perfect fit for me. I would be proud to serve our country as a contributor at the NSA."

The National Security Agency has put a great amount of effort into building a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workplace culture, where 14.1% are persons with disabilities. They celebrate an atmosphere where everyone's voice is heard, surrounded by teams of open-minded and intelligent people with a variety of perspectives. They're reported to have a strong work-life balance and high employee satisfaction. Prior to your interview, learn everything you can about what the work environment of the NSA has to offer, how it aligns with your priorities, and what you are looking for in your next employer. Then structure an articulate response detailing why this environment feels right for you in your career.

When exploring all that the NSA has to offer, be exhaustive in your research. The more knowledgeable you are, the stronger of a candidate you'll seem. Throughout their website they reiterate that they want to help lay the foundations for your success through equal opportunity, flexible work hours, a generous amount of paid time off, and programs that allow you to work part-time at the agency while you pursue a degree or a certification, all while working in a career you are passionate about. "When you join NSA, you're joining a community that cares about your career development and has the resources to help you achieve your goals. NSA offers 17 broad career fields with hundreds of roles. Whether you want to become an expert in your field or branch out in a new direction, we offer a variety of internal and external training and academic opportunities to help you meet your goals, including tuition assistance. We've had human resources professionals transform into computer scientists. Language analysts have redefined themselves as cyber innovators. When you are ready to move up or move on to a new field, we ask how we can help. All play a part in protecting the nation."

What are the NSA's core values and what do they mean to you?

"The agency's core values are very much in line with my own, and it wasn't difficult at all to memorize them. I am a firm believer in respect being integral to teamwork and collaboration. I am honest and very transparent in all my communications. Integrity is integral to my character. I always hold myself accountable for my own work and actions. Excellence is everything I strive for, and I always aim to deliver the best possible results in every task I take on. And lastly, my ethical nature makes me the most law-abiding person I know."

The NSA expects everyone in their workforce to be fully versed in the agency's core values, mission, and culture, and up to date with recent news, events, and everything pertaining to the NSA. So, they're asking this question to help identify those candidates who have the strongest work ethic, and who went above and beyond in preparing for their interview. When preparing, go beyond memorizing their core values of commitment to service, transparency, respect for the law, respect for people, integrity, and accountability. But also memorize how they define them. Go the extra mile in your answer, explaining what these values mean to you and how you identify with them.

"NSA is committed to remaining the pre-eminent foreign signals intelligence and cybersecurity agency in the nation. From protecting our warfighters around the world to enabling and supporting operations on land, in the air, at sea, in space, and in the cyber domain; to partnering with academia, private industry, and our allies to enhance mission, our employees model these six core values in their work."Commitment to Service: Knowing that the country, our friends and allies are relying on us, we are dedicated to fulfilling our commitment to serve and to excellence in the pursuit of our critical mission. Transparency: We are committed to fostering public understanding of NSA's mission and to providing complete transparency to those who authorize and oversee NSA's work on behalf of the American people. Respect for the Law: Everything we undertake in our missions is grounded in our adherence to the U.S. Constitution and compliance with the U.S. laws, regulations and policies that govern our activities."Respect for People: We are committed to ensuring that all NSA personnel are respected, included and valued for their diverse backgrounds, experiences, skills and contributions to our mission and culture. Integrity: We are committed to communicating honestly and directly, acting ethically and fairly and carrying out our mission efficiently and effectively. Accountability: We are accountable for our actions and take responsibility for our decisions, practicing wise stewardship of public resources and placing prudent judgment over expediency."

"NSA's core values are ethics, honesty, efficiency, and effectiveness. These are values that I live by as well. These are necessary values to be a decent human being. Being efficient and effective saves you resources, and helps you perform adequately."

"NSA’s core values are Commitment to service - committed to helping a person or situation in any way I can. Transparency - is to be open and honest, doing so I believe builds trust and leads to better decision-making. Respect for the law and people - this is pretty self-explanatory to me. The law is there to keep you safe. And treat others how you would like to be treated. Integrity and accountability - be proud of the work you do and take responsibility for the choices you make."

Are you familiar with ways that the NSA is using artificial intelligence in our work?

"I've done some reading and am familiar with how the NSA is a leader in the field. I love what it said in an article I read, that the NSA brings a hacker mindset to defense. I also read up a bit on the NSA's Artificial Intelligence Security Center. Very intriguing. Honestly, everything I read just got me more excited about this opportunity."

Every aspect of the Department of Defense has been using AI for years as it has continued to evolve through its different stages of development. The National Security Agency utilizes artificial intelligence for intelligence gathering, both domestically and internationally, to analyze vast amounts of data and identify potential threats, to analyze foreign communications and domestic web traffic, search for anomalies, and develop and implement secure communication methods, among others. Your interviewer is curious about how familiar you are with how the NSA utilizes AI to their advantage. Prior to your interview, comb through the different departments of the NSA to learn more about how AI is incorporated into their work, and share your experience working with AI, and how you feel it will contribute to the NSA's mission.

"NSA is a leader in AI, and will remain a leader. We detect and counter AI vulnerabilities. We bring a hacker mindset to defense." The NSA has a department that they call the Artificial Intelligence Security Center, which is responsible for promoting "the secure development, integration, and adoption of AI capabilities within U.S. National Security Systems and the Defense Industrial Base. We know our adversaries are using and testing tools to gain a military and economic advantage over the United States. The Artificial Intelligence Security Center will be a key part of NSA's cybersecurity mission, with the goal of defending the Nation's AI through Intel-Driven collaboration with industry, academia, the IC, and other government partners." And, as the head of the NSA, General Nakasone said, "When an enterprise runs AI systems, it opens up to new attack surfaces in the AI development lifecycle and AI abilities in model inference services. We need to secure and protect these systems from threats and buy down risks today."

What do you feel is the biggest challenge the NSA faces today?

"Based on what I've been reading on the NSA's website, it seems like the real greatest threat at present is that of quantum computing and the implications it has towards artificial intelligence. And not just for our government, but also the private sector, and the nation's public works agencies which are uncoordinated, and potentially face the greatest risk."

The National Security Agency faces a variety of potential threats as technology continues to evolve and becomes more sophisticated. Therefore, the greater the need for eradicating such threats posed by our adversaries who aim to abuse those advancements in a manner that threatens our interests and the interests of our allies. With this question, your interviewer is interested in your perspectives on anticipating what's coming down the road. Most importantly, they are interested in how your thoughts, opinions, and views represent that of the agency. Begin your research by thoroughly familiarizing yourself with the thoughts, perspectives, news, and views of the NSA to get an accurate view of the biggest challenges the organization is preparing for.

The NSA counts on their people to be role models of their agency, fully informed, up to date, and accurately reflecting the voice of the agency as trusted resources of information. The NSA offers news and highlights on their website, as well as posting articles and quotes from their leadership on both their LinkedIn and Facebook pages. Also, familiarize yourself with any recent news coverage and interviews. For example, on NPR's "All Things Considered," FBI Director Chris Wray and NSA Director General Paul Nakasone spoke about cyber threats facing the nation, from combatting foreign adversaries to election interference and more, in a fireside chat moderated by Mary Louise Kelly.Additionally, here are a few more excerpts of the NSA's recent posts on their social media profiles: "The quantum threat is real, and it is imperative to modernize to protect these systems now, preparing for Post-Quantum. Like all digital systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both opportunities and challenges. AI systems are among the fastest growing applications globally. While AI has the potential to increase efficiency and lower costs, it can also cause potential risks for organisations. AI technologies are distinctive in their speed of innovation and scope of impact. From new AI attacks to persistent threats, we are at the forefront of change to share our insights with the private sector. We see the power of NSA's expertise in a way we haven't seen before."

"National security for other superpowers/emerging superpowers like China, Russia, and India. Our technologies have evolved at a rapid pace, it is extremely easy to make a small mistake that could compromise classified information. Trying not to make such a mistake is a huge challenge, you never know where it might happen."

"Technology as a whole, not only can it be our greatest tool but also our biggest threat. Technology is always evolving and to think of it in a much more simplistic fashion your phone always has an update that is required to keep you up to date multiple times throughout the year. So managing data and technology as a whole seems to be a great challenge."

"I feel like the biggest challenge the NSA faces today is the ensuring protection of US national security systems. The US has many threats and enemies, trying to hack into our technologies and servers. Protecting these systems and ensuring they are hack-proof is the biggest challenge the NSA faces today."

How would you explain cryptography to someone who hasn't heard of it?

"Cryptography is the practice of ensuring that data transmitted across a network is secure. Threats to the security of any data can come from both internal and external sources. Common practices used to secure data all involve encryption of the information. The sender encrypts the data, which is then decrypted by the authorized recipient, using both off-the-shelf and customized software tools. While I don't know the exact methods that the NSA uses in the cryptography efforts, I'd sure be excited to learn if hired for this role."

So much of the NSA's history is centered around its cryptography heritage. So refresh your knowledge by exploring the various webpages they've dedicated to their history, to the cryptography museum, and to the role cryptography plays in the agency today. Arrive to your interview ready to talk about the topic knowledgeably. When speaking, do so as if you are educating a member of the public, as you would were you a member of their workforce. Consider the research you perform as getting a head start on your onboarding with the agency. This will help establish you as a top performer and help you earn greater credibility as a candidate.

Here is a collection of excerpts from their website that summarize in layman's terms what cryptology is, and the role it plays in current operations of the NSA. "Cryptology is the art and science of making and breaking codes and ciphers. NSA is responsible for creating the systems that protect U.S. communications and for analyzing systems and communications used by foreign powers. Making a code or cipher system is called cryptography. Those who try to "break" a cryptosystem are practicing cryptanalysis."

Here are some additional historical facts from the NSA's website on the history of cryptology in the USA: "Code making and code breaking have influenced America's history. During the Civil War, both Union and Confederate soldiers sent encrypted messages and intercepted enemy communications. In 1917, the British decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram helped push the United States into World War I. Intelligence derived by solving many Japanese and German systems gave Allied forces an edge in many World War II battles, on land and at sea, arguably shortening the war and saving countless lives.Protecting U.S. communications was likewise as important to the Allied victory in WWII as reading the enemy's messages. The Marine Corps and Army trained Native Americans in radio communications. They used their own languages and code words to confuse enemy soldiers who may have been listening. The Army and Navy also used the SIGABA, an extremely complex cipher machine, to encrypt messages. The enemy never broke the Navajo code talkers or the SIGABA code, giving the United States a clear advantage. The Cold War saw cryptology foster the development of new communications and computer technology. Today's supercomputers, encrypted cell phones, and verification systems owe some of their development to work done for the NSA/CSS."

"it is the scrambling of data when passing them through a long unprotected medium. if anyone tried to tap into it, they wouldn't be able to read it until it is decoded by a key. Keeping the key in a safe place is important."

"Cryptography is the ensuring data you are trying to send or use is encrypted. I currently need to do this in my career by communicating back and forth with the USCG. I am not familiar with how it is done at NSA, but I am eager to learn about it."

Can you explain how traceroute is used in the practice of cybersecurity?

"Traceroute is a tool used by cybersecurity professionals to determine the path a packet follows across a network. The traceroute identifies each point or network device a packet passes through. It is used to determine why a packet may not be reaching its intended destination and whether this is related to a cybersecurity issue. At the NSA, I envision traceroutes are used to monitor the security of networks used by the military and other government entities."

In preparation for your interview with the NSA, refresh your knowledge so you can readily and articulately answer general knowledge questions or those of a more technical nature. Even if the question doesn't seem relevant to the position you're competing for, you'll want to display a cursory knowledge of what is relevant to the NSA, and their key practices and operations. Doing so will assure them you will be more successful working with other departments and in your cross-functional communication.

Tracerts and Traceroutes are commonly used methods in the hacking and cyber security community for mapping out the routes by which data travels from its source to its target destination. This helps with connecting multiple devices, such as networks, systems, and routers, which the data travels along the way to the target. "Through our Cybersecurity Collaboration Center, NSA partners with allies, private industry, academics, and researchers to strengthen awareness and collaboration to advance the state of cybersecurity. NSA employs a wide variety of cyber professionals to help protect and defend U.S. government IT systems and to help exploit the intelligence of adversaries. We need cybersecurity professionals with technical expertise and a driving desire to remain at the forefront of their field. Help protect national security interests as part of the world's most advanced team of cyber professionals."

What behaviors, attitudes, or traits would you attribute to generating conflict at work?

"A bad attitude, projecting stress, a lack of accountability, dishonesty, and disrespect. I was raised by proud parents and grandparents, who are emotionally mature and raised me to be the same. So, I expect of others what I expect of myself. That being said, I will always help others strive to be the best version of themselves if that is what they're striving for. I also was raised to show respect for all people that I work closely with and expect the same shown to me. I've worked with a couple of colleagues during my career that weren't honest and transparent in their work and I was never hesitant to call them out on those issues, respectfully and with empathy. I never contribute to conflict and have strong mediation and diplomacy skills. The last time I witnessed a colleague treating another disrespectfully, I called them out on it in private. I trust my communication made an impact since within minutes they apologized to that individual. We need to work together as a team."

Dealing with stressful high-stakes situations is part of any national defense job. How you answer this question will help your interviewer assess how adeptly you manage your stress, or help others on your team deal with theirs. They're also curious how likely you are to generate or perpetuate conflict versus deescalating conflict through non-defensive communication and diplomacy. Lastly, this question will help your interviewer determine how well you work with others, and how effectively you'll work with the members of their teams at the NSA. Your aim is to discuss how adeptly you are able to work with any personality type, and how comfortable you are working in a diverse environment with a variety of perspectives.

When delivering your answer, focus on your communication skills, your influencing and negotiation skills, your interpersonal skills, and your resilience even in the most stressful situations. Many of these fall under the skill sets they require from their employees. So, model your response according to their values and expectations. "Remaining optimistic and persistent, even under adversity, treating others with courtesy, sensitivity, and respect, persuading others, building consensus through negotiation, and gaining cooperation from others to obtain information and accomplish goals, considering varied backgrounds, work experience, and organizational roles in working with others."

"I don't really mind their different personalities, they can be bold or meek, or friendly. If they are good at their job, then I am satisfied with them. if we work in a team, and we get into a conflict, we should communicate properly and try to negotiate towards a common ground."

"Lack of accountability is a trait that is one of my pet peeves and is most likely to cause conflict with me at work. I do not like it when people mess up and try to deflect blame onto others. To be honest, I used to be that type of person as well, and people did not respect me as much as they do now when I do have accountability."

How would you employ structured problem solving in your work?

"I pride myself on having a strong attention to detail and being very analytically minded. I have an innate ability to quickly trace things back to the source. Once there, I consider myself resourceful and quick to generate conventional or outside-of-the-box solutions, depending on need. I also don't have much of an ego when it comes to the suggestions I offer. Too often, ego only contributes to the problem. Finding an agreeable outcome is always my primary motive and concern."

Your interviewer is curious how your approach to solving problems, and the systems and methods you employ to maximize your efficiency in your work, will align with and complement how they do things at the NSA. Ideally, the training they offer will enhance the skills you already possess, rather than require you to relearn everything in a new approach. After learning what you can about the NSA's approach, showcase how you apply a structured methodology to your work, regardless of whether you have hands-on experience with their formal methods. Showcase that you're an apt pupil, and would quickly be able to adapt.

Take some time to reflect and map out your approach to tackling difficult problems and situations. Take note of all the systems and processes you would use, and how your unique approach would complement the NSA. When it comes to problem-solving, the NSA requires their employees to be adept at "identifying and analyzing problems, distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant information, making recommendations and providing solutions to problems."

Here at the NSA, we take confidentiality very seriously. Are you willing to sign a non-disclosure agreement if hired for this role?

"I have no problems with undergoing any and every background check necessary, signing NDAs, or abiding by the honor system of confidentiality. I would look forward to taking the polygraph test and undergoing psychological or medical evaluations."

Dealing with confidential and classified information is inherent to the NSA as a part of the United States Department of Defense. So, naturally, before considering bringing anyone on board, they'll need to take every measure to vet and be absolutely certain that individual can be entrusted with the security of the country and their allies and partners. That being the case, signing a non-disclosure agreement will be a part of any preliminary job offer. So be prepared to express your comfort level and willingness to cooperate in any way. If you are currently under a non-disclosure or non-compete agreement with your present employer or have been at any time in the past, now is the time to volunteer that information.

"Any Agency employee strictly bound by confidentiality requirements." The very nature of the NSA is to provide intelligence support to "ensure that communications and data remain secure, and out of the hands of our adversaries." So, naturally, there will be extensive vetting as part of the hiring process. This ranges from requesting your "discretion when discussing your application and processing" and "refrain from posting any information regarding your application or processing with NSA on social media." Upon receiving a conditional job offer, you'll be required to complete both security and psychological processing before a final job offer can be issued. This includes a background investigation, a polygraph, and psychological assessments, which include an interview with a clinical psychologist, "to help determine your stability, trustworthiness, reliability, discretion, character, honesty, judgment and unquestioned loyalty to the United States. Previous and current employment, education and residences are verified. Interviews are conducted with knowledgeable sources such as friends, neighbors, supervisors and co-workers.

"Yes, it would be unethical to disclose classified information. I would never do such a thing and jeopardize my career."

"Yes, I have no issues with that. I had to sign one for my current role."

"I am indeed willing to sign a non-disclosure agreement if hired for this role."

What do you like to do in your free time outside of work?

"Outside of work, I am a family-dedicated dad and husband. Our family enjoys many outdoor activities depending on the season. We love spending time on the water, whether it be fishing or kayaking as a family. We also spend a lot of time biking the trails around the area. I'm also very into cooking and my family and neighbors love the monthly barbecues that I put on."

Your interviewer needs to ensure any potential hire they consider is a well-rounded, emotionally mature, reliable, and stable individual. One way of determining this is by learning how you recharge and prioritize your own needs to ensure you'll be a sustainable employee who won't easily burn out on the job. Determining this will help them ascertain how compatible you'll be with their teams. So share a few activities you enjoy outside of work, which helps ensure you're ready to return to work, both physically and mentally refreshed. Try to make yourself relatable and interesting, and if appropriate, pose the same question to your interviewer.

The NSA places a great deal of focus on promoting the well-being of its people and has a strong track record for retaining its employees for the long-term of their careers. According to their surveys, 90% of their workforce report that they feel their needs to balance work and other life issues are supported and they feel like they are treated with respect. So, to ensure your success, this question is aimed and ensuring you aren't a one-dimensional career-minded professional, but that you have other interests and hobbies that promote your work-life balance. This question also offers you a great opportunity to showcase your familiarity with the resources the NSA provides to support the well-being of their workforce and the "tremendous benefits that offer a better quality of life, both on the job and off, and promote mental and physical wellbeing while accomplishing our mission."

"I relax with music, cook healthy food, and exercise. I work on interesting personal projects which are mostly simulation-based. I am currently working on a project called Lagrange Point Launch and stabilization system."

What are your weaknesses if you were to join the NSA?

"I have all the confidence in the world that I can bring real-world experience to your team at the NSA in new and innovative solutions in cybersecurity. My years of experience in analyzing data and trends in the private business sector have been fruitful and lucrative, and now I'm looking to bring my skills here to help keep America safe and in good hands. It's a mission I'm very excited for especially after learning more from you and your team here today. The obvious weakness I do have is a lack of experience in the public sector, working with many different government agencies and their processes. I want you to have the utmost confidence in my ability to learn new processes and adapt to new ways of doing things, specifically because I've done so in my work throughout my career. If I'm your top candidate and were to be offered this position, I'd be excited to work alongside my new colleagues and learn all processes in short order to be up and running on my own in no time."

As part of the U.S. Department of Defense, working in cryptology, signals intelligence, and cybersecurity, the work at the NSA is very unique and your interviewer knows that any candidate they hire will come with their own unique set of shortcomings. What's important for them to know is that you are cognizant of where your weakness would be and that you have put some thought into how you plan to tackle it from day one on the job there. Your interviewer will certainly respect an honest approach to answering this question, so be sure to put some thought into a question like this prior to your interview and come ready to spend the majority of your answer on leaping over any hurdles through hard work and dedication.

Tell us about yourself.

"I grew up in the Midwest to parents who were public servants with my mother, a teacher, and my father, an attorney, who was elected as District Attorney to end his career. From a young age, I learned the importance of public service and this sparked me to join the Marine Corps after high school. As I approach my separation date next year, utilizing the skills I've developed in counterintelligence is very important to me and doing so with the NSA would be the greatest honor. My wife and I have been fortunate enough to travel the country in my military service and are excited about the chance to settle down and raise our two young daughters in a stable community. They are the world to us and I'm having so much fun as they enter school and get involved in Girl Scouts and activities. We love the outdoors and hobbies like biking, hiking, and camping. I'm an avid tent camper and love to pass this passion along to my family."

The NSA is committed to adhering to the laws and authorities in all cybersecurity and signals intelligence across the country and finding individuals who are committed to this work lifestyle is important to them as they seek new staff members. Your interviewer genuinely wants to know who you are as a person, hoping to hear that you will live their core values of commitment to service, respect, integrity, and accountability. As you take the time to paint the full picture of your family life and interests outside of work, your interviewer will certainly appreciate any way you can highlight your ability to live and breathe the National Security Agency's core values.

What experience do you have working in a culturally diverse environment?

"I had the privilege of growing up in a very culturally diverse neighborhood, and many of my family members are engaged in diverse relationships, and live unconventional lifestyles. I come from a very broad-minded upbringing. To me, diversity spans culture, gender, identity, and so much more. I am very sensitive to others and respectful of their cultures, pronouns, and dietary restrictions. So, I am no different in my professional life, except in that I would not choose to pursue a career with an organization that lacked diversity."

One of the NSA's core values is centered on ensuring that every member of their workforce feels respected, included, and valued for their perspectives, experience, and skills, regardless of their diversity. Discuss with your interviewer any experience you have working in an inclusive and culturally diverse environment. If you've had any formal training in diversity and inclusion, share that experience.

"At NSA, we enrich ourselves and our mission by working together, not in spite of differences, but because of them. Success happens when we rely on a diversity of skills and embrace the vast range of experience and perspectives that results from a workforce composed of a variety of backgrounds, including race, cultures, ethnicities, genders, sexual orientation, age, and ability. Building and maintaining a culture of inclusion, fairness, equity, and equality, which allows every employee the opportunity to have a positive impact on the Agency's mission to protect America and its citizens."Their diversity, equality, and inclusion agency have defined additional values that express their identity "as an organization and inform the way that we treat each other and interact with our partners and the public. Collaboration: working with an individual or group to achieve a common goal. Communication: two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. Competence: ability to do something successfully and efficiently. Courage: acting in accordance with one's beliefs, especially in spite of criticism. Fairness: the state, condition, or quality of being free from bias or injustice; giving as much advantage, consideration, or latitude to one party as it is given to another. Professionalism: the skill, good judgment, and polite behavior that is expected from a person who is trained to do a job well. Trust: relying on the integrity, strength, ability, surety, etc., of an individual or group."

What initial hurdles do you anticipate in this role and how would overcome them?

"The first challenge I anticipate is becoming acquainted with all the staff, remembering their names, their details, and specialties, and to what degree we'll be working together. From the specific mission areas, and all the training involved, I imagine it will be an intensive first couple of weeks with a great deal of information I'll need to retain."

Your interviewer is curious about how realistic your expectations are of the challenges that lie ahead. How you answer should offer indications of your experience level and provide insights as to how they might most effectively mentor you through those challenges. Share your expectations, and your eagerness to develop strong working relationships. Share which aspects of the job, or those new responsibilities which you feel present the steepest learning curves, and ask for their insight and advice on how to overcome them. Speak with realistic confidence and humility when navigating this question.

The NSA takes pride in hiring some of the brightest minds, especially in the fields of mathematics and engineering, which, for some new to the agency, can feel intimidating and lead to imposter syndrome. So when answering this question, feel free to share some of the challenges you've learned of through your research, as well as those challenges that are unique to you. And remember, the NSA is known for its supportive environment and open-minded culture.

Beyond their new employee orientation, which you'll complete during your first few days at the NSA, and the comprehensive and cohesive onboarding process that introduces you to the NSA and specific mission areas, which includes on-the-job training and internal NSA courses, external training will also be made available based on need and experience.

"The learning curve for the technologies that NSA uses which I might not be familiar with, will be my first hurdle. I will also need to fit into the team and be useful to them. I will make a list of things I need to study, and be familiar with. I have made software for a long time, so if I come across something new, chances are I have done something similar in the past."

"Just like any new place of employment, there will be some adjusting that I’m sure could be challenging. Working with new people and personalities it will take some adjusting to learn how individuals on the team operate. Everything is manageable with time and patience."

"The initial hurdles I anticipate will be getting acclimated to the culture and the position. Each position is different, and admittedly I have not worked at a company or organization as big as the NSA. I plan on meeting these hurdles head-on by embracing every challenge I encounter and taking as little shortcuts as possible to overcome these challenges."

How do you handle feedback and criticism of your work?

"All feedback is constructive feedback, even when it isn't delivered constructively. If a person offers negative feedback, it is because they are frustrated or having some problem. Let's say someone is hotheaded, and the feedback they're delivering isn't wholly accurate. Let's say they're projecting. No matter how information is presented to me, I always try to reflect on and understand how a person feels and what information they are actually conveying. What matters is what they're saying, and what prompted the feedback, and what can be learned from the exchange. Every such lesson will help you do your job better and advance your people skills. I try to look past their tone or negativity and understand the problem that is frustrating them so I can work to offer a solution. So, I always welcome and thrive on feedback. More often than not, I proactively seek out feedback."

The National Security Agency's first core value, Commitment to Service, is centered on the principles of being reliable, dependable, and committed to the pursuit of excellence. They expect this of every member of their workforce. Part of that commitment is continuing the pursuit of development and growth. This entails being receptive to feedback, learning from it, and applying it, which requires emotional intelligence, trust, and strong communication with whoever is delivering the feedback, be it your leaders or your team.

The NSA devotes a great deal of focus to continual learning, continual development, and personal and professional growth. Therefore, their ideal candidates are those who are overachievers and proactively seek out feedback, taking advantage of every opportunity to learn and grow. The NSA specifies that they expect their workforce to assess and recognize their "own strengths and weaknesses and pursuing self-development activities that also will build expertise in compliance methods and practices as well as mission practices, whether technical, analytic, or both." Keep this in mind when formulating your answer.

"I would take all feedback. no matter how hard I worked on something, if it's a bad product, then it is a bad product. Sure, my hard work will go to waste, but that is the reality of life. I can only strive to better."

"I welcome and actually prefer constructive criticism. I take great pride in my work. No one is perfect so if there is something that l am lacking, I would like to know so it can be addressed moving forward. Even negative feedback is good feedback once you identify the information they are convening and look past the emotion and frustration."

"I try to use feedback to improve my future work. Every time someone gives me constructive criticism, I try to use it to make myself better in future tasks, as I perceive them giving me criticism as them trying to give me help as to how I can improve myself."

How dominant a role has research played in your work?

"I believe that research is the backbone of any strong project. Without it, important details are missed and time is wasted. Beginning any project with research is integral to laying out a prudent plan, when time allows, especially for anticipating potential hurdles."

A certain degree of research is required when preparing for an interview. Researching the job you are competing for, researching the National Security Agency and its values and culture, and performing relevant research on yourself. So, when answering this question, explain how the research you've performed in your current and previous roles relates to the research you expect to conduct in this role for the agency. This will make your answer actionable, showcasing the research you've done to prepare for this interview. "NSA invests in a world-class workforce and partnerships with academia and industry to deliver capabilities that secure the nation's future. NSA researchers are active in their fields within and outside of NSA."

How swiftly do you feel you're able to learn new software and systems?

"I am confident in my ability to quickly pick up and adapt to any proprietary programs required for this role at the NSA. I bring basic programming skills with me and a general understanding of computer science. I ask a lot of questions, am a fast reader, and have no problem reaching out to our IT department for shortcuts, tips, and tricks if need be. I also have experience working with a wide range of statistical analysis tools. So, I feel confident that my experience leading up to this interview positions me to be open and flexible to learning any new programs."

Your interviewer is likely familiar with the software and systems you are experienced with from reviewing your resume. From that information, they likely have a clear idea of how akin those are to the variety of systems and programs they use at the National Security Agency. But what they're interested in learning now is how adept you are, and how quickly you'll be able to learn and master theirs if hired to join their teams at the NSA. So, share examples where you've swiftly gotten up to speed in similar situations throughout your career. And do so with the confidence in knowing that they "offer programs to our permanent hires to help you enhance your skills, improve your understanding of a specific discipline and even cross-train into a new career field." By showcasing your knowledge of their development programs, you'll be revealing the extent of your research and a strong work ethic.

"Yes. I have been making software for a long time now. If I come across something new, chances are I have done something similar in the past. I am a fast learner thanks to that."

"I am confident in my ability to learn computer programs quickly and efficiently. l am proficient in Microsoft, Office, Adobe, SharePoint, and various Coastguard databases such as NESSS, COGNOS, Webflis, CG Portal, NATO, ECAT, and CAGE Program."

"I am very computer literate when learning new programs and software. Throughout my career at Amazon, I have used several programs for tracking key performance indicators, shipments, time cards, etc."

"Over my career, I adapted to new systems through 5 mergers and working in call centers, sales, and technical project management. I learned through collaborating with peers, online and in-person training as well as learning as I used different systems, programs, and software."

"I have quite a bit of programming languages and a diverse tech stack under my belt. I had to pick up many new languages on the fly, both inside the classroom and at my internships. I had to learn C, Python, and Java on the fly for my classes, for instance, and had to learn C# and Vue for one of my internships, and had to pick up and learn how to use AWS technologies for my other one."

How important is standardizing work processes to you?

"Standards ensure an organization is coordinated by providing guidelines which enhance greater collaboration and innovation. It allows for greater flexibility without having to reinvent the map, minimizing the effort for the rest of the team to get on board. As the old adage goes, you have to know the rules and why they are there before you can ever consider breaking them."

The NSA sets "common protocols and standards so that our military can securely share information with our allies, NATO and coalition forces around the world. Interoperability is a key to successful joint operations and exercises. Determining objectives, setting priorities, delegating work, and ensuring that work is completed with a focus on quality and timeliness, whether in technical, mission, policy, or all three areas." They go on to explain that this helps ensure accountability and further identifies training and development opportunities for their workforce. Explore this further and reflect on how it relates to your relevant experience and how that has prepared you for the work you would be doing with the NSA.

What education, credentials, or experience are you particularly proud of, whether related to this position or not?

"As you can see from my resume, I have eight years of experience as a cryptographer, after being recruited from a hackathon competition. I also worked freelance identifying cybersecurity weaknesses for several security firms with whom I have signed NDAs, so unfortunately I cannot disclose those clients for verification, which is why it wasn't included in my resume. I am also a hobbyist when it comes to historical coding. I have a rather extensive library on the subject of secret messages, codes, and spy craft from the ancient world to the present day."

Your interviewer wants you to talk about your resume, and for you to walk them through your education and credentials by highlighting your experiences and how those informed your development and character. This will also help them determine if there are other skills or coursework or interests that you haven't found an application for professionally that might be of use in your position at the NSA. On their website, they state they are looking for people with experience or education in history, government or political science, intelligence, foreign language, computer science/engineering/networking and security/programming, cybersecurity, data science and analysis, electrical engineering, information assurance, information technology or systems, data science and analysis, to name a few. "Your skills are key to our mission!"

Talk about a favorite leader you had. Which of their qualities stand out the most?

"My current director has been a strong mentor for me. This is a leader who holds themselves and others accountable, leads by example, has tons of integrity and treats their entire team with respect. They gave me the freedom to work independently while always keeping their door open. I hope to demonstrate these same values as a steward of the responsibilities I hold, committing to excellence."

This question will help your interviewer assess what you value in a leader, and the leadership style you likely model your leadership style after. The NSA places a great deal of emphasis on mentorship, and they are constantly looking for future leaders and mentors. They detail how theirs is an educated, intelligent, open-minded, and supportive work culture. They also describe their leadership as supportive of the needs of their teams while ensuring everyone's voice is heard. So keep this in mind when sharing an example of a leader who had a lasting impression on you and an impact on your character. Discuss the different qualities they had and how those qualities impacted the way you work in a manner that would complement their organization.

"A relationship with a mentor can be a great way to forge new professional connections and receive guidance concerning career growth. From the time you are hired until you retire, NSA's mentorship program enables you to select a mentor who will share their wisdom, expertise, insight and perspectives to enhance your personal and professional growth."

Tell me about a time you mentored someone on your team.

"While I've never held an official leadership role, I take pride in contributing to the team. Often I offer advice, tips and tricks, or pep talks when I see a teammate struggling. I strive to be supportive and communicate with empathy, compassion, respect, and integrity in all that I do on the job. As a result, my colleagues often turn to me to for assistance when needed. Just yesterday a colleague felt they were missing something to take something they were working on over the edge and asked if I would review it. So I did. And upon review, I noticed a few opportunities for improvement. They were thrilled with my suggestions and implemented them, while still turning in the work ahead of schedule."

Mentoring is key to their culture, along with what the diverse perspectives of their workforce lend to their mission. So, your interviewer is curious about what motivates and drives you and wants to gauge your approach to achieving success. This question is less concerned with whether you have formal leadership experience, and more to do with the attitude of doing all you can to help every member of the team perform at their best for the sake of the mission. They need to ensure every member of their workforce is more focused on the mission and the team, rather than their individual achievements and career acceleration.

The NSA offers many opportunities for training at the agency, including advanced classes in leadership. Here is a testimonial from one of the NSA's employees who took advantage of their training and mentorship opportunities. "One of the great opportunities here is mentoring. I attended an introductory mentoring course as part of a leadership program, and was immediately inspired to take it to the next level. NSA has a very simple, streamlined process for becoming a mentor, and offers excellent resources to help facilitate positive and meaningful mentoring connections. Making those connections wasn't as difficult as I originally thought. So many people are looking for help with navigating their career, and it's a great feeling when you have a chance to make a positive impact on someone else's life. Mentoring also fosters a sense of community and pays forward the guidance and wisdom I've received. As a mentor, I enjoy sharing knowledge and investing in others' potential. The ability to contribute to the development and success of someone else is incredibly fulfilling."

Tell me about a crisis you faced on the job, and how you approached the situation.

"At my current job, two members of my team both fell ill, resulting in lengthy sick leaves that lasted roughly three weeks simultaneously. This put a major project at risk of falling behind schedule. There was a lot riding on this deadline. Before our leadership had a chance to ask for volunteers to take over the project, I grabbed the reins, recruited a couple of my teammates, and got to work. After assembling our new team, I started with reassigning tasks on the project. Next was instigating several meetings between the new team and our leadership. We re-prioritized our workloads, put in some extra hours, and brainstormed some novel outside-of-the-box solutions to navigate the obstacles standing in our way. In the end, we over-delivered, ahead of the deadline."

At the NSA, they place a great deal of value on the flexibility of their workforce, and each employee "remaining open to change and responsive to new information, adapting to new information, with highly complex, changing conditions, including unexpected challenges and obstacles." Your interviewer wants to know how well you'd be able to adapt to high-pressure situations, without allowing your stress to get the better of you. They want to know how decisive you are, how resourceful you are, and how effectively you would be able to contribute to the mission when needed most.

"Prior to taking on the Supply Lead roles, the project was taking a dive. Many deadlines were missed and a great deal of pressure from top leadership to deliver a sustainable product. I gathered all the process guides I could find at the time, read them, organized and developed a plan to get back on track, and presented it to leadership. After executing the plan I had set in place we excelled and quickly became ahead of schedule."

"A crisis I handled on the job was the first day of my first internship. I did not have a car at the time, so I relied on my manager to give me rides to the office every day in the morning. My first time getting picked up, I left my badge in my room and did not realize that I had left it at home. Luckily, the drive from where I was living to the office was rather short, so my manager was willing to make the drive back. From that day forward, I made sure every morning that my badge was in my hand."

How would you manage the stresses that come with working for the NSA?

"By being prepared, organized, and managing my time well. Part of thinking three steps ahead is preparing for the unknown. Anything that needs to be done, in all eventuality, should be done as soon as it can be done. Plan ahead. This always allows for greater flexibility. I call them proactivities. I also take care of my mind, body, and spirit whenever I can. These are priorities for me. I also have a pretty good attitude, so that helps. You see, I also have a very objective and situational point of view. When things happen in my life, they just happen. They aren't happening to me. This is an important distinction. Just because I experience something, it is my attitude which informs the experience. So whatever happens isn't really happening to me. Whatever emotions an event triggers are up to me. I am responsible for recognizing those emotions and engineering my attitude and that experience. So I pay attention to how the stress manifests physiologically, and then I decide how to utilize that energy and channel it into something constructive."

Your interviewer would like to know how effectively you manage your stress on the job. Your answer stands to reveal your emotional intelligence and whether your emotions or stress dictate your behavior. Discuss your approach to navigating stressful situations, and how you don't allow your stress to slow your reaction time, impact your attitude, or your ability to lead by example.

The NSA has performed focused research on measuring stress in high-risk environments, and the effect it has on fatigue, frustration, and cognitive workload in real-time tactical cyber operations. "What do an air traffic controller, an emergency responder, and a cybersecurity operator have in common? The answer: stress from a high-risk work environment. Tactical cyber operations require speed and precision, and stress may negatively affect operational security, work performance, and employee satisfaction."Cybersecurity operators defend vital networks from all-day, every-day barrages of intrusion and attack attempts. The stakes are high - compromises of those networks can affect the lives and livelihoods of thousands, even millions of people. The talent that does this work has extensive, expensive training and employee turnover is costly. Stress in this environment therefore is an important risk factor, both for performance and employee burnout."

"I have an app on my phone that helps me meditate. If I am in a private atmosphere, I listen to instrumental music to keep me focused on my job."

"I have developed quite a few techniques throughout my career, the main one I focus on the most is to stay as organized as possible. I utilize various tools for this from virtual calendars to paper copies. There is a to-do app in Microsoft that really helps keep a running list of tasks, their deadlines, and milestones clearly identified. I think it is very important to have a healthy work-to-home life balance. So while I am at work I give it my full undivided attention, and when the day is over I leave it at the door."

"I try to destress in a lot of ways. For starters, I enjoy multiple hobbies outside of work and school, so neither of those 2 consumes me mentally. I enjoy watching sports and working out at the gym, as I have found that those 2 help give me peace and balance in my life so that I am not just monotonously doing school or work for an entire semester or summer."

How do you handle having to reprioritize and set aside work that you were heavily involved in?

"A couple of years ago, I was challenged with drafting a strategy for a major project. I spent two months performing intensive research, and the last month putting together the strategy and creating a road map for some control group tests. That was when I was informed we were putting a hold on the project until further notice. I was then challenged with scaling back the resources I tapped into and being ready to prepare to be assigned other priorities. Not knowing when or if we'd return to this important work, I hurriedly generated some reports so progress could be resumed with no rework at a later date, and flagged the resources for when they would need to be tapped into again. With our next assignment, I was able to use the same framework I'd implemented for the previous project and performed more effectively than I would have otherwise. The learning experience from the previous project proved invaluable. Then, months later, when we wrapped up ahead of schedule, I was able to resume the previous project, picking up right where I left off, applying what I'd learned from the other project, and performing better than I would if not for both experiences."

This question is aimed at helping your interviewer assess how adaptable you are, and how capably you multitask while keeping track of your progress when forced to re-prioritize, without feeling stressed or overwhelmed. How you answer could potentially inform them of your performance level, your attention to detail, your ability to meet tight deadlines, and your attitude in high-pressure situations. The NSA advertises that they put great efforts towards "empowering an adaptive, expert workforce" which possesses characteristics, such as "scalability" and "adaptability."

Knowing well the pressures and strains of the job, the NSA devotes considerable resources to help their workforce deal with their stress, such as their civilian fitness program which allows up to 3 hours of paid leave per week to engage in physical fitness activities at approved locations. They also offer flexible hours, generous vacation time, and support services for mental health such as their behavioral health and life services, their employee assistance program, 24/7 psychological crisis support, workplace psychological consultation for high-tempo and challenging workplace environments, and psychological education and training on topics such as stress, suicide awareness, and coping with uncertainty. These are but a few of the services they offer their workforce aimed at fostering a positive work-life balance.

"Having to change what I am doing mid-flow is something I expect. If I was making something a particular way, there are points to be critiqued, a new constraint I need to satisfy, or the objective of the software might have changed altogether. I just need to find an efficient way to adapt my work to ongoing events."

"Extremely well. In my current position, we like to say the only consistent thing in the Coast Guard is change. The direction of how the coastguard directs our workflows changes monthly, if not weekly. I like to keep a positive outlook on things when this happens and think of it as always having a new experience to learn."

"I try to handle critique by improving on what I am being critiqued on. I view constraints as necessary and try to work within their bounds, as I believe that they wouldn't exist if they weren't important in some way. I handle new information by trying to incorporate the 'new' things I need to do in my code."

If hired at the NSA, how would you go about building rapport with the team that you will be working with?

"To build rapport with any team I'm newly introduced to, I ask a lot of questions and listen to what they have to say and try to get to know each individual on a personal basis whether I have the fortune of developing relationships with them or not. I hold myself accountable, communicate with transparency, and do all I can to earn their trust. I share knowledge and collaborate. I do what I can to earn their respect, and treat them with respect."

Your interviewer needs to ensure you have strong interpersonal skills and will complement their teams, and communicate and navigate a wide variety of personalities. How you answer may offer them insights into how reliable and dependable you are, and how well you build relationships and successfully collaborate with others. This requires building rapport, earning trust, and exhibiting respect for your colleagues, even those you rarely work with, while embracing their core values and embodying their culture, such as integrity, accountability, and transparency.

The NSA describes its agency as the place "Where Intelligence Goes to Work." They proudly state that their "greatest strength is truly the people and the workforce behind the mission. Working at NSA means driving mission success alongside a diverse group of exceptional people. Attracting top talent is critical to ensuring our Agency continues to thrive and meet national security outcomes well into the future."

Tell me about your most rewarding experience working in a team environment.

"Before I came on board at my last company, there was quite a bit of dissent among the team. The company had just gone through a restructuring, and a great deal of low contributing, yet highly charismatic individuals were let go. So, about five of us, who were highly trained in our fields, were brought on, yet we met resistance, and collaboration wasn't moving forward. So, I talked to my mentor and suggested we get out of the office for some team-building experiences. They embraced the idea, and after asking what I had in mind, they adopted many of my suggestions. So, they organized a full day of development exercises out in the woods. It was emboldening and got us all to work together and get to know each other on a more personal level. Many of the people who'd been working together for years suddenly learned each other's hidden skills and talents. We built trust and camaraderie. Lasting bonds quickly formed, and we all worked cohesively as a unit from then on with little effort."

The NSA depends on each member of their teams, and their teams as a whole, to successfully execute their missions on a daily basis. Therefore, your interview needs to assess how team-oriented any candidate is before making a hiring decision. "Respect for People is one of our NSA core values that drives us to a relentless pursuit to make NSA an engaging and empowering place to work. What's it like to work at the National Security Agency? According to our employees, life is good. The results from this year's Intelligence Community (IC) Climate Survey show the people who work at NSA are dedicated-constantly looking for ways to collaborate with each other, 89% of our colleagues report that the people they work with cooperate to get the job done."

How well do you work in cross-functional environments?

"In my view, teamwork has no borders. When expectations are communicated clearly from the beginning, I pull my weight and do my part. If we are on the same mission, we are partners and stakeholders in the success of that mission. I trust in everyone's strengths and expertise. I'm a collaborator, make every effort to clearly communicate, and to ensure the message I am to send is clear as day and is the message that is received."

The NSA coordinates their efforts not only within their varying departments but also with other government agencies, along with their partners in the private sector and academia. So, your interviewer needs to gauge your interpersonal skills and how effectively you'll be able to work with those outside of the teams you've built relationships with. As they detail on their website, the NSA builds alliances "with colleagues and counterparts within NSA, with overseers, and with other IC agencies to achieve common goals, developing collaborative information and knowledge sharing networks."

If you were leading a team, and one teammate wasn't performing as expected, how would you handle it?

"I like to think of myself as supportive of every member of my team, and as a caring and empathetic coach. I have strong interpersonal skills and am a friend to all. So I would start by checking in with them, to see how they were feeling, and to be transparent with them, with the motive of simply wanting help or to back them up. I'd see if there was anything I, or anyone else, could do to support them. Regardless of the outcome, I would support my leadership by informing them of what I observed and the actions I took, so they were simply in the know, in case it became a greater concern than it already was."

Your interviewer is curious about how effectively you're able to lead and manage others. How you answer should offer insights into your leadership style and how effectively you communicate and delegate. Many of the NSA's job descriptions specify specific communication skills as a required competency. However, the more you showcase your possession of these skills, whether the position you are applying to requires them or not, the more attractive a candidate you'll seem.

Here are some of the qualities the NSA looks for in their recruits that could pertain to this question: "Problem Solving identifying and analyzing problems, distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant information. Making recommendations and providing solutions to problems. Influencing, negotiating, persuading others, building consensus through negotiation, and gaining cooperation from others to obtain information and accomplish goals. Interpersonal skills, considering varied backgrounds, work experience, and organizational roles in working with others, treating others with courtesy, sensitivity, and respect."

NSA (National Security Agency) Interview Questions

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1. What's your greatest work-related accomplishment?
2. Who is an intelligent person you admire?
3. What does innovation look like in your work?
4. What about your work do you find most rewarding?
5. Why do you want to work for the National Security Agency?
6. What would you most look forward to working for the NSA?
7. How will your communication style benefit the NSA?
8. Why should we hire you?
9. What does providing excellent service mean to you?
10. If hired for this role at the National Security Agency, how long will it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our team?
11. How does the workplace culture we've built at the National Security Agency align with your ideal work environment?
12. What are the NSA's core values and what do they mean to you?
13. Are you familiar with ways that the NSA is using artificial intelligence in our work?
14. What do you feel is the biggest challenge the NSA faces today?
15. How would you explain cryptography to someone who hasn't heard of it?
16. Can you explain how traceroute is used in the practice of cybersecurity?
17. What behaviors, attitudes, or traits would you attribute to generating conflict at work?
18. How would you employ structured problem solving in your work?
19. Here at the NSA, we take confidentiality very seriously. Are you willing to sign a non-disclosure agreement if hired for this role?
20. What do you like to do in your free time outside of work?
21. What are your weaknesses if you were to join the NSA?
22. Tell us about yourself.
23. What experience do you have working in a culturally diverse environment?
24. What initial hurdles do you anticipate in this role and how would overcome them?
25. How do you handle feedback and criticism of your work?
26. How dominant a role has research played in your work?
27. How swiftly do you feel you're able to learn new software and systems?
28. How important is standardizing work processes to you?
29. What education, credentials, or experience are you particularly proud of, whether related to this position or not?
30. Talk about a favorite leader you had. Which of their qualities stand out the most?
31. Tell me about a time you mentored someone on your team.
32. Tell me about a crisis you faced on the job, and how you approached the situation.
33. How would you manage the stresses that come with working for the NSA?
34. How do you handle having to reprioritize and set aside work that you were heavily involved in?
35. If hired at the NSA, how would you go about building rapport with the team that you will be working with?
36. Tell me about your most rewarding experience working in a team environment.
37. How well do you work in cross-functional environments?
38. If you were leading a team, and one teammate wasn't performing as expected, how would you handle it?

NSA (National Security Agency) Interview Questions

1. What's your greatest work-related accomplishment?

2. Who is an intelligent person you admire?

3. What does innovation look like in your work?

4. What about your work do you find most rewarding?

5. Why do you want to work for the National Security Agency?

6. What would you most look forward to working for the NSA?

7. How will your communication style benefit the NSA?

8. Why should we hire you?

9. What does providing excellent service mean to you?

10. If hired for this role at the National Security Agency, how long will it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our team?

11. How does the workplace culture we've built at the National Security Agency align with your ideal work environment?

12. What are the NSA's core values and what do they mean to you?

13. Are you familiar with ways that the NSA is using artificial intelligence in our work?

14. What do you feel is the biggest challenge the NSA faces today?

15. How would you explain cryptography to someone who hasn't heard of it?

16. Can you explain how traceroute is used in the practice of cybersecurity?

17. What behaviors, attitudes, or traits would you attribute to generating conflict at work?

18. How would you employ structured problem solving in your work?

19. Here at the NSA, we take confidentiality very seriously. Are you willing to sign a non-disclosure agreement if hired for this role?

20. What do you like to do in your free time outside of work?

21. What are your weaknesses if you were to join the NSA?

22. Tell us about yourself.

23. What experience do you have working in a culturally diverse environment?

24. What initial hurdles do you anticipate in this role and how would overcome them?

25. How do you handle feedback and criticism of your work?

26. How dominant a role has research played in your work?

27. How swiftly do you feel you're able to learn new software and systems?

28. How important is standardizing work processes to you?

29. What education, credentials, or experience are you particularly proud of, whether related to this position or not?

30. Talk about a favorite leader you had. Which of their qualities stand out the most?

31. Tell me about a time you mentored someone on your team.

32. Tell me about a crisis you faced on the job, and how you approached the situation.

33. How would you manage the stresses that come with working for the NSA?

34. How do you handle having to reprioritize and set aside work that you were heavily involved in?

35. If hired at the NSA, how would you go about building rapport with the team that you will be working with?

36. Tell me about your most rewarding experience working in a team environment.

37. How well do you work in cross-functional environments?

38. If you were leading a team, and one teammate wasn't performing as expected, how would you handle it?